基于改进磁链峰值能量法的牵引电机轴承故障诊断

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第4期

论文作者:冯江华

文章页码:1380 - 1389

关键词:牵引电机;轴承;故障诊断;磁链观测器;峰值能量

Key words:traction motor; bearing; fault diagnosis; flux linkage observer; peak energy

摘    要:基于电信号轴承故障诊断机理,提出一种基于改进磁链峰值能量法的牵引电机轴承故障诊断方法,并开展了轴承故障模拟试验和现场案例验证。首先,以采集获得的电机电流、转速以及重构电压信号作为输入,采用牵引电机全阶磁链观测器计算获得磁链信号;其次,采用快速峭度谱算法对磁链信号进行自适应滤波,消除背景噪声、低频基频及其谐波等干扰信号的影响,对滤波后的磁链信号进行峰值平方整流和包络解调处理,进一步计算磁链峰值能量法;最后,提取磁链峰值能量法中的轴承故障特征分量,实现诊断轴承故障。研究结果表明:本文所提出的方法能够有效地提取轴承故障微弱特征信号,可实现对牵引电机轴承外圈、内圈和滚动体等故障部位的精确诊断。

Abstract: On the basis of the motor bearing fault characterized in the mechanism model of electrical signals, a traction motor bearing fault diagnosis method based on improved flux linkage peak energy method was proposed, and bearing fault simulation tests and field case verification were carried out. Firstly, the collected motor current, motor speed and reconstructed voltage signal were taken as input, and the full-order flux linkage observer of the traction motor was used to calculate the flux linkage signal. Secondly, an adaptive filtering algorithm based on fast kurtosis spectrum was used to filter the flux linkage signal, which will eliminate the effects of interference signals such as background noise, low-frequency fundamental frequency and its harmonics. Square rectification and envelope demodulation was exploited to process the filtered flux linkage signal, and the flux peak energy spectrum was calculated. Finally, diagnose bearing faults by extracting the characteristic components of bearing faults in the peak energy spectrum of flux linkage was diagnosed. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively extract the weak characteristic signals of bearing faults, and can realize the accurate diagnosis of the fault position such as the outer ring, inner ring and rolling elements of the traction motor bearings.

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