氯氧化锑与三氧化二锑的阻燃应用性能

来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)2001年第6期

论文作者：阳卫军 金胜明 唐谟堂

文章页码：595 - 598

关键词：氯氧化锑;阻燃剂;烟密度;折光率

Key words：antimony oxychlorides; flame retardant; smoke density; refractive index

摘    要：氯氧化锑(SbOCl, Sb₄O₅Cl₂)的阻燃性能优异,为推广其工业应用,研究了氯氧化锑在不同材料中的阻燃性能及相关性能,并与常用的Sb₂O₃性能进行了比较.在软质PVC,PE,PP和ABS等高聚物中,与含Cl和Br的化合物配合使用,SbOCl和Sb₄O₅Cl₂的协同阻燃性能都优于超细Sb₂O₃,且SbOCl的阻燃性能最优.添加SbOCl和Sb₄O₅Cl₂时,材料的发烟量比添加超细Sb₂O₃的少.研究结果表明:与添加Sb₂O₃的PVC薄膜透光率相比,添加SbOCl的PVC薄膜透光率要高1.0~1.2倍,添加Sb₄O₅Cl₂的要高出0.3~0.5倍;SbOCl和Sb₄O₅Cl₂晶体的折光率分别为1.69和1.74,表明阻燃剂的折光率与高聚物的折光率越接近,其对高聚物的透光率的影响就越小;用SbOCl和Sb₄O₅Cl₂代替超细Sb₂O₃后,70℃绝缘阻燃PVC电缆料制品的各项指标均符合国家标准GB8815—88,表明SbOCl和Sb₄O₅Cl₂可以替代超细Sb₂O₃作为该PVC电缆料中的阻燃添加剂.

Abstract: Antimony oxychlorides SbOCl and S Sb₄O₅Cl₂ are a kind of high efficient flame retardants. In order to disseminate them in industrial sectors, their flame retardancy and other related properties are studied and compared with Sb₂O₃ in different polymermaterials. When blended with organic compounds containing Cl and Br in soft PVC, PE, PP and ABS,the flame retardance of antimony oxychlorides SbOCl and Sb₄O₅Cl₂ is superior to ultra-fine Sb₂O₃, especially of SbOCl.The smoke density of the materials containing SbOCl and Sb₄O₅Cl₂ is less than that containing tiny Sb₂O₃. The transparency ratio of PVC filmusing SbOCl is 2.0~2.2 times of Sb₂O₃,and Sb₄O₅Cl₂ is 1.3~1.5 times of ting Sb₂O₃. The refractive index of SbOCl and Sb₄O₅Cl₂ crystal is measured as 1.69 and 1.74, which explains their good transparency ratio and tinting capability when used in polymers. When SbOCl and Sb₄O₅Cl₂substitute the ultra-fine Sb₂O₃ in 70℃ insulating and flame retarding cable materials, all the items of the products are up to the standard of GB8815-88, which suggests that the two antimony oxychlorides can replace the ultra-fine Sb₂O₃ as flame retardants in PVC cable materials.