基性熔岩火山地层单元类型、特征及其储层意义

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2016年第1期

论文作者:唐华风 衣健 王璞珺 高有峰 赵然磊

文章页码:149 - 159

关键词:火山地层;火山地层界面;火山地层单元;叠置关系;火山岩储层

Key words:volcanostratigraphy; volcanic boundary; volcanic unit; stacking type; volcanic reservoir

摘    要:为了探索基性熔岩的火山地层单元类型、特征与叠置关系,精选中国东北3个具有代表性的基性熔岩露头区和松辽盆地徐家围子断陷典型钻井,进行露头剖面二维测量、钻井岩心观察、盆内钻井和地震解释。研究结果表明:基性熔岩火山地层单元由冷凝固结成岩方式形成,根据外部形态可分为辫状、扇状、板状和管状4类,前3类均由基性岩浆地表溢流形成,管状熔岩流由岩浆于隐伏管道(lava tube)中流动形成。基性熔岩火山地层单元内部结构可用孔-缝带进行表征。辫状熔岩流从上到下由泡沫状气孔带、稀疏气孔带和底部气孔带构成。扇状熔岩流在泡沫状气孔带上部发育自碎角砾岩带,在稀疏气孔带下部发育厚度不大的致密带。板状熔岩流在稀疏气孔带下部发育厚度较大的致密带。管状熔岩流由外圈环形柱状节理带和内部自碎角砾核心构成。火山地层单元的形态和叠置关系直接约束了火山岩岩性、岩相和储层在火山地层中的时空分布特征,形成了基性熔岩火山地层内部层状、似层状和交织-透镜状3种孔隙分布模式。该研究可以为利用露头、钻井、地震实现火山地层和储层的精细刻画提供理论依据。

Abstract: Based on profile measurements, the observation of the core samples, the interpretation of detection logging and seismic profiles, three typical fields and wells in Songliao Basin were chosen, and the types, the characteristics and the stacking patterns of the volcanic units were studied. The results show that the basic lava volcanic units can be formed by the diagenesis of solidification with cooling, and can be divided into four types according to their external morphology: the braid lava flow units, the fan-like lava flow units, the tabular lava flow units, and the tube lava flow units. The first three of these lava flow units are formed by the lava effusion on the ground, and the tube lava flow units are formed by the lava flowing along the buried tube underground. The internal structure of the lava flow units can be characterized by the vesicular zones. The braid lava flow units are divided into three parts: the rich vesicular zone on the tope, the spare vesicular zone in the middle, and the base vesicular zone at the base. The fan-like lava flow units have an autoclasticbreccia zone on the rich vesicular zone, and a thin dense zone under the spare vesicular zone. The tabular lava flow units have a thick dense zone under the spare vesicular zone. The tube lava flow consists of a loop columnar zone in the outer ring and an autoclastic breccia core. The volcanostratigraphy is built by the stacking of volcanic units, and the spatial and temporal distribution of the lithology, and facies and reservoir are directly controlled by the shape and stacking patterns of lava flow units, and make up three distribution modes of reservoirs: the layered, the quasi layered and the mixed-lenticular. Thus this study may provide theoretic foundation for the final target attempt to define the fine characterization of the volcanostratigraphy using outcrop, well and seismic data.

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