废旧合金刀头中有价组分高效湿法分离技术研究

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报优先出版20210825

论文作者:李良玉 韩俊伟 焦芬 刘维 覃文庆

文章页码:307 - 320

关键词:废旧合金;湿法浸出;资源回收;铜回收;金刚石

Key words:waste alloy; leaching; resource recovery; copper recovery; diamond

摘    要:针对废旧金刚石刀头有价组分高效分离难的问题,提出“两段浸出-分步结晶-物理分选”的选冶联合清洁处理技术,即先通过低浓度硫酸溶液选择性浸铁,富铁液降温结晶获得七水合硫酸亚铁产品,铁浸渣通过酸性氧化浸出工艺提取铜,富铜液经净化后结晶可获得96%以上的五水硫酸铜产品,同时实现了浸铜尾渣中金刚砂和碳化钨的单体解离,再通过重选工艺可实现金刚砂和碳化钨的高效分离,最终实现废旧金刚石刀头的全量化利用。本文主要研究了浸铁过程和浸铜过程各工艺参数对有价金属浸出行为的影响,同时进行了金刚砂的物理分选试验研究。结果表明:在硫酸浓度130 g/L、液固比12:1、搅拌速度300 r/min、浸出温度60 ℃和时间36 h的条件下,废旧金刚石刀头中铁的浸出率为97.6%,且99%以上的铜和100%的金刚砂进入渣中,实现了铁的选择性分离。在硫酸浓度250 g/L、硝酸浓度23 g/L、液固比10:1、搅拌速度300 r/min、浸出温度80 ℃和时间26 h的条件下,铁浸渣中铜的浸出率达到99.9%以上,同时94%以上的锡和所有的金刚石进入尾渣中,实现了铜的高效浸出。浸铜尾渣经摇床分选可以实现金刚砂的高效回收。工业化试验不仅验证了实验室研究结果的正确性,还表明湿法过程中产生的废水可以循环利用,整个工艺过程无废水排除。

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to separate valuable components from waste alloy cutters efficiently, a cleaning treatment technology of “two-stage leaching, fractional crystallization and physical separation” was proposed, that is to say, FeSO4·7H2O is obtained by selective leaching of iron with low concentration sulfuric acid solution and crystallization of iron rich liquid at low temperature. Copper is extracted from iron leaching residue by acid oxidation leaching process, and CuSO4·5H2O is obtained by crystallization of copper rich liquid after purification. At the same time, the monomer dissociation of diamond and WC in copper leaching residue was realized, through gravity separation process, the diamond and WC can be separated efficiently, and finally the waste alloy cutters can be fully utilized. In this paper, the effects of technological parameters on leaching behavior of valuable metals in iron and copper leaching processes were studied, and the physical separation of diamond was also studied. The results show that: under the conditions of H2SO4 concentration of 130 g/L, L/S ratio of 12:1, stirring speed of 300 r/min, leaching temperature of 60 ℃ and leaching time of 36 h, the leaching efficiency of iron in waste alloy cutters is 97.6%, and more than 99% of copper and 100% of diamond enter into the iron leaching residue, realizing the selective separation of iron. Under the conditions of H2SO4 concentration of 250 g/L, oxidant HNO3 concentration of 23 g/L, L/S ratio of 10:1, stirring speed of 300 r/min, leaching temperature of 80 ℃ and leaching time of 26 h, the leaching efficiency of copper in iron leaching residue can reach more than 99.9%, while more than 94% of tin and all diamonds enter into the copper leaching residue, realizing the high-efficiency leaching of copper. The high efficiency recovery of diamond can be achieved by shaking table separation of copper leaching tailings. The industrial test not only verified the correctness of the laboratory research results, but also showed that the wastewater generated in the wet process can be recycled, and no wastewater was discharged in the whole process.

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