旅客列车硬卧车厢内空气质量的数值模拟

张登春^{1, 2}，邹声华¹，刘荣华¹

(1. 湖南科技大学 能源与安全工程学院，湖南 湘潭，411201；
2. 华中科技大学 能源与动力工程学院，湖北 武汉，430074)

摘 要：采用稳态不可压缩雷诺时均N-S方程、k-ε湍流模型，对YW25K型空调硬卧车厢内空气质量进行数值模拟。采用立方体代表乘客，以人体呼出的CO₂作为代表性污染物，以PMV和车厢内CO₂相对浓度为基础，提出了评价车厢内空气质量的新指标，利用该指标对硬卧车厢内各铺位的空气质量进行了评价。计算结果表明，送风速度对车厢内空气质量有较大影响，增加送风速度有利于改善车厢内各铺位的空气质量，但过大的送风速度对车厢内空气质量不利；硬卧车厢内采用条缝送风方式、送风速度为2.5 m/s时，车厢内空气质量最佳，可同时满足热舒适性要求和保证良好空气品质。

关键词：硬卧车厢；湍流模型；空气质量；数值模拟

Numerical simulation on air quality in hard-sleeper compartment of railway passenger cars

ZHANG Deng-chun^{1, 2}, ZOU Sheng-hua¹, LIU Rong-hua¹

(1. School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
2. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract:Based on steady state incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation, k-ε turbulence model, the air quality in hard-sleeper compartment of YW25K passenger cars is simulated numerically. The cube substituting passenger and regarding human exhaled CO₂ as a representative of pollutants, based on PMV and CO₂ relative concentration, a new air quality index (I_AQ) is put forward to evaluate the air quality of hard-sleeper compartment. The results show that supply air velocity has great effects on air quality. The increase of supply air velocity helps to improve the air quality but too large supply air velocity gets air quality worse. When the supply air velocity is 2.5 m/s in sew supply air mode, the air quality in hard-sleeper compartment is the best, which can meet the needs of good thermal comfort and indoor air quality simultaneously in the car.

Key words:hard-sleeper compartment; turbulence model; air quality; numerical simulation