铝-镁异种合金板材超声焊接工艺

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2020年第12期

论文作者:曹秒艳 田少杰 胡晗 房凯旋

文章页码:2789 - 2798

关键词:轻合金;超声金属焊接;力学性能;微观形貌

Key words:light alloy; ultrasonic metal welding; mechanical properties; micro-morphology

摘    要:以6061铝合金和AZ31B镁合金板材为研究对象,采用单一变量法展开铝-镁异种合金板材超声焊接试验(振动频率为20 kHz)。以焊接参数(焊接压力、振幅、时间、焊件厚度)为单独变量展开焊件力学性能测试和焊件界面微观形貌观测。结果表明:当焊接压力小于0.3 MPa时,金属接触面之间摩擦热难以迅速生成,难以形成有效焊点;在以焊接振幅和焊接时间为单独变量的焊接试验中,当焊接振幅为8 μm、焊接时间为0.75 s时,焊件力学性能最佳;但是随上述参数进一步增加,导致焊接能量过大反而造成焊接力学性能下降;焊件厚度对焊接接头力学性能影响规律与焊接压力、振幅、时间基本一致,在焊件厚度为0.3 mm时达到最佳焊接效果,参数过大或过小均不利于有效焊接的形成;在维氏硬度测试中发现焊接硬度呈现由中心区域发散式扩散的硬度分布规律;随着焊接压力逐渐增加,焊件界面微观形貌呈现不同阶段特征,当呈现波浪形特征时焊接效果达到最佳。

Abstract: The ultrasonic with the vibration frequency of 20 kHz welding test of 6061 and AZ31B was conducted through single variable method. The samples with an independent variable welding parameters (welding pressure, amplitude, time, welding thickness) were tested for mechanical properties and interface micro-morphology. The results show that, when the welding pressure is less than 0.3 MPa, the heat of friction cannot be generated quickly between metal contact surfaces. Therefore, it is difficult to form the effective solder joints. In the welding test using welding amplitude and welding time as independent variables, the welding amplitude of 8 μm and welding time of 0.75 s will result in the best mechanical performance. However, with the further increase of the above parameters, the excessive welding energy will lead to mechanical degradation. The effect of welding thickness on mechanical properties of welding parts is consistent with welding pressure, amplitude and time, the welding effect is best when the welding part thickness is 0.3 mm, in appropriated parameter is not conducive to effective welding formation. In Vickers hardness test, the distribution of welding hardness appeared from the center to outward. With the increase of welding pressure, the interface micro-morphology of welded parts presents different stage characteristics. The welding effect is the best when the interface micro-morphology of the welded part presents the wave shape.

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