不同氧燃烧方式下污泥中重金属的形态转化特征

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2013年第1期

论文作者:刘敬勇 孙水裕

文章页码:440 - 448

关键词:污水污泥;焚烧;重金属;形态;热力学分析

Key words:sewage sludge; incineration; heavy metals; speciation; thermodynamic analysis

摘    要:采用化学热力学平衡分析方法,应用真实污泥实测数据预测污泥在氧化氛围和还原氛围焚烧过程中6种重金属(Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr,Zn和Cu)的迁移和转化特征。计算中考虑重金属和Cl化物的相互作用,也考虑重金属与S化物之间的相互作用。研究结果表明:重金属Pb,Zn,Cu和Ni在较低的焚烧温度下都是以固态金属氧化物为主;随着温度的升高,金属氧化物继续与氧结合,在较高温条件下以其气态金属单质或者低价气态金属氧化物形式挥发;Mn和Cr在整个焚烧体系中以固态存在不易挥发而残留在焚烧底渣中;在有Cl化物的焚烧体系中,Pb,Cu和Zn都有其气态金属氯化物形成,而未见到气态Ni,Mn和Cr的氯化物生成,表明污泥焚烧中Cl化物对Pb的挥发性影响最大,其次是Cu和Zn,而Ni,Mn和Cr基本不受Cl化物的影响;在有S化物的焚烧体系中,低温阶段重金属易与S化物结合形成固态金属的硫酸盐,拟制了金属的挥发特性;在高温阶段,金属的形态转化基本不受S化物的影响。焚烧体系中的Cl化物和S化物对重金属形态迁移转化影响差别较大,S化物在低温阶段有助于拟制金属的挥发特性,除Cr和Mn外,Cl化物的存在加速了金属的挥发,从而可根据污泥在不同焚烧温度下不同的产物形态对重金属的污染进行控制。

Abstract: Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to reveal the speciation and partitioning of the heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Mn, Cr, Zn and Cu) during sewage sludge incineration under oxidative condition and reductive condition. Actual sewage sludge compositions and combustion conditions were utilized in all simulations.The interaction between heavy metals, chlorine and sulfur were all considered during calculation. The results show that heavy metals Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni are mainly in solid metal-oxide states during incineration at a lower temperature. With the increase of temperature, the metal oxide combines with oxygen continuously, and in a relatively high temperature, the heavy metals volatilization begins in the forms of their gaseous metal single-masses or gaseous metal oxides. In the whole incineration system, Mn and Cr are mainly congregated in the slags because of their solid state with non volatilization. With the presence of chloride, heavy metals Pb, Cu and Zn form their gaseous metal chlorides, while trace elements Ni, Mn and Cr do not react with chloride and don’t generate gaseous chloride. The chloride has the greatest impact on the volatilization of Cu, followed by Zn and Cu, but less impact on the metal Ni, Mn and Cr. With the presence of sulphur, trace elements are easy to react with sulphur and form solid sulphates at a lower temperature which counteracts their volatilization. With the increase of the temperature, the transformation of the trace elements is not affected by the presence of sulphur.The difference of chloride and sulphur on the impact of migration and transformation of trace elements patterns is great. At low temperature, the presence of sulfur contributes to drawing up the metal evaporation, while the chloride accelerates the evaporation of trace elements except Cr and Mn. The control of heavy metals can be realized for different kinds of metal product at different incineration temperatures.

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