基于可调Q因子小波变换和谱峭度的轴承早期故障诊断方法

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2015年第11期

论文作者:余发军 周凤星

文章页码:4122 - 4129

关键词:可调Q因子小波变换;谱峭度;相邻系数降噪;包络谱;故障诊断

Key words:tunable Q-factor wavelet transform; spectral kurtosis; neighboring coefficient de-noising; envelope spectrum; fault diagnosis

摘    要:通过对轴承故障机理的研究,提出基于可调Q因子小波变换和谱峭度的故障诊断新方法。首先,根据冲击成分的频谱分布,预设Q因子的范围,对轴承的振动信号进行可调Q因子小波变换;其次,计算各尺度变换系数的谱峭度,利用谱峭度最大原则确定最佳的共振因子和尺度带;然后,用相邻系数降噪法处理尺度带内的变换系数,并进行逆可调Q因子小波变换重构信号;最后,求取包络谱,根据极值点的频率位置进行故障诊断。研究结果表明:该方法能有效抑制噪声和谐波成分,使提取的故障特征成分周期性明显、峭度大,使故障特征频率突出显著,验证了所提方法的有效性。

Abstract: Through studying bearing faults mechanism, a new fault diagnosis method based on tunable Q-factor wavelet transform and spectral kurtosis was proposed. Firstly, the range of Q-factor was preseted according to the spectral distribution of impulse component, and bearing vibration signal was transformed by tunable Q-factor wavelet transformation. Then, spectral kurtosis of each scale transform coefficients was calculated, and the best Q-factor and scale were selected according to the spectral kurtosis maximum principle. Next, the selected scale transform coefficients were processed by neighboring coefficients de-noising method, and signal was reconstructed by inverse tunable Q-factor wavelet transform. Finally, envelope spectrum was calculated and the fault type was determined according to the frequency of extreme point. The results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress noise and harmonic components, and the extracted fault feature component is prominent and significant with an obvious periodicity and a high kurtosis value, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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