异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微组织、力学及腐蚀性能

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2019年第10期

论文作者:张成行 曹宇 曹玲飞 黄光杰 朱禹龙 祝佳林 刘庆

文章页码:2255 - 2266

关键词:铝合金;搅拌摩擦焊;微观组织;力学性能;腐蚀性能

Key words:aluminum alloy; friction stir welding; microstructure; mechanical property; corrosion property

摘    要:采用3种焊接速度(60、100和240 mm/min)对5 mm厚2024和7075铝合金板材进行搅拌摩擦对接焊试验,利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、硬度测试、拉伸试验、扫描电镜和极化曲线测试对2024-7075异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明:接头焊核区发生动态再结晶形成细小的等轴晶。沿板厚方向从轴肩区到底部区的平均晶粒尺寸依次减小,且焊核区不同位置处的平均晶粒尺寸均随着焊接速度的增加而减小。异种接头焊核区不同位置形成不同类型的剪切织构,其类型随焊接速度的改变而变化。接头焊核区硬度呈现“W”型分布趋势,且低于母材硬度。较低硬度值区域位于热影响区,随着焊接速度的降低,各区硬度值呈现下降的趋势。接头强度随着焊接速度的增加而升高,焊接效率达到90.3%。与母材相比,焊接接头焊核区的耐蚀性最差,这主要是由于异种焊接接头焊核区发生了显著的电偶腐蚀,导致较高的腐蚀电流密度。

Abstract: 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloys sheets of 5 mm thickness were used to conduct the friction stir butt welding tests by employing three welding speeds (60, 100 and 240 mm/min).The microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of dissimilar friction stir welded 2024-7075 joints were studied by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), hardness testing, tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy and polarization curves testing. The results show that the dynamical recrystallization occurs in the weld nugget to form fine equiaxed grains. The average grain size decreases from the shoulder region to the bottom region in the thickness direction, and the average grain size at different positions in the weld nugget decreases with the welding speed increasing. Different types of shear textures form at different locations in the weld nugget region of the dissimilar joint, and vary with the change of the welding speed. The hardness profile of the weld nugget zone shows a “W” type distribution trend, and its hardness value is lower than that of the base metals. The lower hardness value is located in the heat-affected zone. As the welding speed decreases, the hardness value of each zone shows a downward trend. The strength of the joint increases with the increase of the welding speed, and the welding efficiency reaches 90.3%. Comparing with the base metals, the weld nugget zone in the joint exhibits the worst corrosion resistance, mainly because of the significant galvanic corrosion in the weld nugget zone of the dissimilar weld joint, resulting in a higher corrosion current density.

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