复合热源热泵集热/蒸发器的结构优化模拟

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第4期

论文作者:李舒宏 方雷 许成城

文章页码:1125 - 1135

关键词:复合热源热泵;集热/蒸发器;结构优化;热力性能

Key words:composite heat source heat pump; collector/evaporator; structural optimization; thermal performance

摘    要:为了提升直膨式太阳能-空气复合热源热泵的性能,需要优化集热/蒸发器的结构,为此,建立集热/蒸发器的一维稳态传热数学模型和热泵系统模型,并利用已有实验装置验证其准确性。利用模型计算的集热效率作为评价指标,通过正交试验法和数值模拟分析翅片管的结构参数对集热/蒸发器热力性能的影响;选取单位翅片面积集热量作为经济评价指标,对比不同换热面积下采用最佳结构时的集热性能;采用南京地区典型气象年参数,在空气侧总换热面积相同的条件下选取9种结构,模拟计算不同结构下集热/蒸发器的集热效率和系统全年能效比。研究结果表明:翅片间距、铜管内径和翅片高度对集热效率影响最大,且在一定范围内这3个结构参数的影响规律一致,即在所选取的范围内集热效率可以取得最大值;随着翅片总换热面积增大,空气侧总热阻逐渐减小,翅片的总集热量逐渐增大,单位翅片面积集热量为13.22 m2时取得最大值,此时,既可以增加集热/蒸发器的集热量,又有较好的经济性;在不同季节工况下,当空气侧换热总面积为13.22 m2,铜管内径为9 mm,翅片间距为1.7 mm,翅片高度为10.3 mm时的优化效果最好,与原结构相比,集热效率提升11.77%,全年能效比提升9.36%。

Abstract: In order to improve the performance of the direct-expansion solar-air source heat pump water heater, the structure of the heat collector/evaporator needs to be optimized. Based on the existing experimental equipment, one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer mathematical model of the heat collector/evaporator and a heat pump system model were established. The accuracy of the models was verified by experiment. The heat collection efficiency calculated by the model was used as evaluation index, and the influence of the structural parameters on the thermal performance of the heat collector/evaporator was analyzed by orthogonal test and numerical simulation. The heat collection per unit fin area was selected as the economic evaluation index, and the heat collection performance was compared to determine the appropriate heat exchange area for the optimal structure at different heat exchange areas. Using the typical meteorological year parameters in Nanjing, 9 structures were selected at the same total heat exchange area on the air side. The heat collection efficiency of the heat collector/evaporator with different structures and the annual energy utilization of the system were calculated by simulation. The results show that the fin spacing, the inner diameter of the copper tube and the fin height have the greatest influence on the heat collection efficiency, and the influence of three structural parameters is consistent within a certain range. The heat collection efficiency can reach the maximum value in the selected range. As the total heat transfer area of the fins increases, the total heat resistance on the air side gradually decreases, and the total heat collection amount of the fins gradually increases. The heat collected per unit fin area can get maximum amount at 13.22 m2, with can increase the heat collection of the heat collector/evaporator and is economical. Under different seasonal operating conditions, the optimization effect is the best when the total heat exchange area on the air side is 13.22 m2, the inner diameter of the copper tube is 9 mm, the fin spacing is 1.7 mm, and the fin height is 10.3 mm. Compared with the original structure, the heat collection efficiency increases by 11.77%, and the annual energy efficiency ratio of the system increases by 9.36%.

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