稀土出口价格与稀土储备

来源期刊：有色金属科学与工程2012年第5期

论文作者：毛克贞 吴一丁

文章页码：82 - 88

关键词：稀土；出口价格；稀土储备；价格机制；垄断；需求弹性

Key words：rare earth; export prices; RE reserves; price mechanism; monopoly; demand elasticity

摘    要：稀土出口价格和稀土储备是稀土研究的两个重要问题.从稀土的应用价值、相对稀缺性、生产的环境代价以及稀土供给的垄断特征，分析我国稀土出口应该有一个比较高的价格；从供求关系、市场结构、储备特征、储备对需求弹性和供给弹性的影响，分析储备对稀土出口价格的影响方向和影响效果；从储备的作用和稀土产业的未来发展目标，提出稀土储备的主要目的和方式.研究结果表明：稀土出口所形成的市场结构使我们丧失了稀土出口的议价能力；稀土国家储备在短期会对稀土出口价格提升产生一定的效果，但长期效果有限；稀土储备的主要目的应该是促进稀土应用产业的发展，并以稀土原矿（稀土资源）储备为主.

Abstract: The export price and reserves are two important questions in rare earth research. China’s rare earth should be maintained at a higher price based on its application values, relative scarcity, environmental costs and supply monopoly. We analyze the effect of rare earth reserve on its export price from aspects of supply-demand relation, market structure, reserves features, influences of reserve on supply elasticity and the impact of reserves on the elasticity of demand and supply elasticity. The major aims and pathways are put forward based on the reserve function and RE industry’s future development target. The conclusions: rare earth export market structure deprives our bargaining power in the global RE market; national RE reserves will increase the export prices in a short term, but long-term effect is limited; the purpose of RE reserves, raw RE mineral being the major form, is to promote rare earth application industry.