磷系润滑添加剂对7050铝合金摩擦学性能的影响

黄伟九^{1, 2}，余永梅²，张小彬²，唐丽文²

(1. 重庆理工大学 汽车零部件制造及检测技术教育部重点实验室，重庆 400054；
2. 重庆理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，重庆 400054)

摘 要：采用环-块摩擦磨损试验机考察磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)、亚磷酸二丁酯(DBPi)、二辛基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)和二正丁基磷酰胺(DBPA) 4种磷系润滑添加剂对7050铝合金摩擦学性能的影响，并探讨磷系润滑添加剂与7050铝合金的摩擦学作用机制。结果表明：4种磷系润滑添加剂均能降低钢-铝摩擦副间的摩擦因数，但添加剂对铝合金抗磨作用的影响因添加剂结构不同而产生较大差异；磷酸三甲酚酯和二正丁基磷酰胺能增强7050铝合金的抗磨作用，其中二正丁基磷酰胺的效果更优；而亚磷酸二丁酯和二辛基二硫代磷酸锌会增加铝合金的磨损，以亚磷酸二丁酯为甚。钢-铝摩擦副间的摩擦因数随添加剂浓度增加而减少，但随载荷增加而提高；以二正丁基磷酰胺润滑的铝合金的磨损量随添加剂浓度增加而减少，但随载荷增加而提高；而以亚磷酸二丁酯润滑时，随载荷和添加剂浓度提高，磨损量均呈增加趋势。在所有的摩擦过程中均出现了磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和化学腐蚀磨损3种磨损机制，其中化学腐蚀磨损和磨粒磨损是磷系润滑添加剂的主要摩擦学作用机制。

关键词：含磷添加剂； 超高强铝合金； 摩擦磨损；摩擦学机制

Effects of phosphorus additives on tribological performance of 7050 aluminum alloy

HUANG Wei-jiu^{1, 2}, YU Yong-mei², ZHANG Xiao-bin², TANG Li-wen²

(1. Key Laboratory of Manufacture and Test Techniques for Automobile Parts, Ministry of Education,
Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China;
2. School of Materials Science)

Abstract:Tribological performance of four kinds of phosphorus lubricating additives such as tricresyl phosphate(TCP), dibutyl phosphite(DBPi), zinc dioctyldithiophosphate(ZDDP)and dibutyl phosphate acylamide(DBPA) on 7050 aluminum alloy were investigated with ring on block tribotester. The tribological mechanism of aluminum alloy lubricated by phosphorus additives was also discussed. The results show that all these phosphorus additives may decrease the friction coefficient of the steel-aluminum pairs, but the effects on the wear action of aluminum alloy are different. Tricresyl phosphate and dibutyl phosphate acylamide increase the anti-wear property of 7050 aluminum alloy, and the later shows better. Dibutyl phosphite and zinc dioctyldithiophosphate increase abrasion effect of the aluminum alloy and dibutyl phosphite shows worse effect. Friction coefficient between steel and aluminum decreases with increasing the content of lubricating additives, while increases with increasing the load. Wear loss of aluminum alloy lubricated by dibutyl phosphate acylamide (DBPA) decreases with increasing the additive content, while increases with increasing the load. However, when being lubricated by dibutyl phosphate (DBPi), the wear amount of aluminium alloy is improved with increasing the additive content and load. There are abrasion wear, adhesive wear and chemical corrosion abrasion displayed during the friction process, and the chemical corrosion wear and abrasion wear are the main wear mechanisms of phosphorus additives.

Key words:phosphorus additive; super high strength aluminum alloy; friction and wear; tribological mechanism