扬声器对低频短纯音信号响应的研究

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2010年第6期

论文作者:张平柯

文章页码:2274 - 2281

关键词:扬声器;品质因素;短纯音信号

Key words:loudspeaker; quality factor; tone burst signals

摘    要:通过建立并求解扬声器纸盆在低频短纯音信号驱动下的运动微分方程,并借助MAPLE软件分析扬声器纸盆运动情况,给出扬声器纸盆的速度与时间关系的解析式及其速度-时间图像的描述方法,分析影响扬声器瞬态特性的因素,并对理论研究结果进行实验检验。此外,还提供一种测量扬声器品质因素Q的可能方法。研究结果表明:扬声器前、后沿特性具有相关性;扬声器的机械品质因素Qm与电品质因素Qe对其前、后沿特性影响有等效性;真正影响扬声器瞬态特性的是扬声器的总品质因素Qt,对一定频率范围内的短纯音信号,若扬声器的Qt越小,则其前、后沿特性就越好,但Qt过小会导致声压频率特性劣化;在设计扬声器时,应综合考虑瞬态响应与声压频率特性的要求确定合适的Qt

Abstract: Through establishing and solving differential equation of motion of the loudspeaker’s cone driven by low-frequency tone burst signals, the cone’s motion was analyzed with MAPLE software, analytic expression of the cone’s velocity- time relation and a way of describing its velocity-time curve were given. Factors affecting the speaker’s transient characteristics were studied, and theoretical results were tested by experiment. In addition, a possible way was proposed to measure the speaker’s quality factor Q. The results show that the characteristics of the front and back edges of the speakers are interrelated; both the speaker’s mechanical quality factor (Qm) and its electrical quality factor (Qe) have equivalent influence on the characteristics of the front and back edges of the speaker. Total quality factor (Qt) really affects the speaker’s transient characteristics. As to tone burst signals in a certain range of frequency, the smaller the Qt of the speaker, the better its characteristics of the front and back edges. But too small Qt leads to degradation of sound pressure frequency characteristics. When designing speakers, the transient response and sound pressure frequency characteristics should be comprehensively taken into consideration to determine the appropriate Qt.

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