现代海底主要热液矿点贵贱金属元素组成及变化

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2011年第z2期

论文作者:黄威 李军 陶春辉 孙治雷 崔汝勇 何拥军

文章页码:56 - 64

关键词:热液矿点;贵贱金属元素;相关系数;弧后盆地;岛弧环境

Key words:hydrothermal mineralized occurrence; precious and base metallic elements; correlation coefficient; back-arc basins; island arcs

摘    要:统计了2 691个现代海底热液矿点样品的Au,Ag贵金属和Cu,Zn,Pb贱金属含量的平均值,结果表明:Au,Ag,Cu,Zn,Pb的平均含量分别为3.2 μg/g,179.0 μg/g,4.78%,8.94%和0.494%。Au,Ag,Zn和Pb在弧后盆地和火山岛弧环境中的含量比洋中脊的含量高很多,而Cu的平均含量则在这3种主要构造环境中分布较均匀。全球海底热液矿点成矿作用的产物组成和分布特征没有表现出明显的统一性和相似性,但局部范围内的热液成矿存在着相似的地球化学组成和赋存分布特征。水深和扩张速率对样品的Au,Ag,Cu,Zn和Pb元素含量没有明显的控制作用。由于陆地矿山的长期开采,Au,Ag,Cu,Zn,Pb价格的持续高位,并综合离陆地的远近,补给轮换的方便和水深条件,以及弧后盆地和岛弧环境热液矿点中贵贱金属的相对富集,认为应该加大对弧后盆地和岛弧环境热液矿点的调查和研究。

Abstract: The 2691 modern seafloor hydrothermal mineralization samples from the International Seabed Authority were studied. The average compositions of Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb of the samples are 3.2 μg/g, 179.0 μg/g, 4.78%, 8.94% and 0.494%, respectively. The concentrations of Au, Ag, Zn, Pb in the back-arc basins and volcanic island arcs are more than in the mid-ocean ridges, but the average content of Cu is evenly distributed in the three main tectonic environments. The composition and distribution characteristics of the global major marine hydrothermal mineralization samples indicate that they are obvious not similar and uniform, but the hydrothermal mineralization in the small field reveals the similar chemical composition and distribution characteristics of the samples. The contents of Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb in the samples are not controlled significantly by the seafloor water depth and the spreading rate. The survey and research of the hydrothermal mineralization in the back-arc basins and island arcs should be improve, as the land mines have been exploited in many years, and the prices of the Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb are very high, and the material supply and personnel rotation are convenient because the hydrothermal mineralized occurrences are near the land, and the shallow water depth,the compositions of the precious and base metallic elements in back-arc basin and island arc are richer than those in the mid-ocean ridges.

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