加锚砂岩单轴力学特性及屈曲型岩爆控制机制

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2019年第9期

论文作者:冯涛 王斌 宁勇 王卫军 郭泽洋

文章页码:2285 - 2295

关键词:加锚砂岩;单轴压缩试验;声发射;屈曲型岩爆

Key words:anchored sandstone; uniaxial compression experiment; acoustic emission; buckling rockburst

摘    要:为探讨锚杆对砂岩屈曲型岩爆的调控作用,开展加锚砂岩的单轴压缩试验,并进行声发射特征监测。研究结果表明:无锚砂岩与加锚砂岩的破坏模式存在差异,无锚试样以张拉破坏为主并伴生剪切破坏,而加锚试样均呈单一斜面剪切破坏;加锚砂岩在加载初期就使系统的能量充分释放。锚杆控制屈曲型岩爆的机制如下:锚杆可发挥出组合梁的整体弯曲效果,使层状岩板向临空面的屈曲变形受到极大限制;加锚砂岩表现为单一剪切破坏,在一定程度上抑制张拉裂纹的产生,不具备劈裂成板的特征,从而破坏屈曲岩爆的孕育过程;加锚砂岩在加载前期就发生比较活跃的声发射活动,使系统能量充分释放,更难于储存弹性应变能,破坏时释放的能量小于无锚试样破坏时释放的能量,加锚砂岩可释放的动能占总能量的比例减小,从而降低屈曲岩爆的孕育能力和发生烈度。

Abstract: In order to discuss the regulation effect of the rockbolt on controlling the buckling rockburst in sandstone, a series of uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on anchored sandstone rocks, and the acoustic emission characteristics were monitored. The results show that there is a difference between the failure modes of anchorless sandstone and that of anchored sandstone. Unanchored specimens mainly have the tensile failure accompanied by shear failures while anchored specimens have the shear failure with one single slope. The system energy of the anchored sandstone is fully released at the initial stage of loading. The mechanism of controlling the buckling rockbrust by rockbolts is as follows: the anchoring bolt can exert the overall bending effect of the composite beam, which greatly limits the buckling deformation of the layered rock plate to the free surface. The anchored sandstone exhibits a single shear failure, which inhibits the occurrence of the tensile crack to a certain extent, and it has not the characteristics of splitting into plates, so the inoculation process of rockburst under lamination spallation buckling is destroyed. The anchored sandstone has a relative active acoustic emission activity at the early stage of loading, which makes the energy of the system fully release and is more difficult to store the elastic strain energy. The energy released from the anchored specimens during the final damage is less than that from the unanchored specimen. The proportion of the releasable kinetic energy in the total energy for the anchored sandstone is reduced, which therefore reduces the inoculation ability and the intensity of the buckling rockburst.

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