基于硫酸-盐酸混酸体系钒电池电解液的性能优化

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2021年第6期

论文作者:杨亚东 张一敏 唐历 刘涛 黄晶 杨晓

文章页码:1621 - 1632

关键词:钒电池;电解液;稳定性;电化学性能

Key words:vanadium redox flow battery; electrolyte; stability; electrochemical performance

摘    要:为提高钒电池电解液的能量密度及宽温度区间稳定性,对基于硫酸-盐酸混酸支持电解质体系的电解液进行稳定性及电化学性能优化。对电解液进行钒离子及氯离子稳定性测试,发现在支持电解质配比为硫酸根浓度2.0~3.0 mol/L、氯离子浓度6.0~6.4 mol/L时,电解液钒浓度可达2.4 mol/L且四种价态的电解液均可在-20~50 ℃稳定存在10 d以上且可以有效避免氯化氢挥发。对稳定性优化后的电解液进行循环伏安及交流阻抗测试,发现在钒浓度为2.2 mol/L、硫酸根浓度为2.75 mol/L、氯离子浓度为5.8 mol/L时,电解液的电化学性能最佳。对浓度组成优化的电解液进行充放电测试,发现电解液可以在-20~50 ℃及40~80 mA/cm2稳定运行,且能量效率可达75%。

Abstract: In order to improve the energy density and broad temperature adaptability of vanadium redox flow battery, the stability and electrochemical performance of electrolyte based on sulfate-chloride mixed acid electrolyte were optimized systematically. The static stability tests of vanadium ions and chloride ions show that the electrolyte of 2.4 mol/L vanadium concentration can keep stable for 10 d and the volatilization of hydrogen chloride can be effectively avoided when chloride ion concentration is 6.0-6.4 mol/L and sulfate concentration is 2.0-3.0 mol/L. The CV and EIS tests of electrolyte after stability optimization indicate that the electrolyte with 2.2 mol/L vanadium concentration, 2.75 mol/L sulfate concentration and 5.8 mol/L chloride ion concentration presents the best electrochemical performance. The charge-discharge tests of optimized electrolyte indicate that the VRFB with optimized electrolyte composition can be operated successfully at the temperature of -20-50 ℃ and the current density of 40-80 mA/cm2, and the energy efficiency can reach 75%.

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