Height-related magnetoelectric performance of PZT/Ni layered composites
来源期刊:Rare Metals2017年第7期
论文作者:Zhi-Jun Zuo De-An Pan Li-Jun Wang Jian-Jun Tian Shen-Gen Zhang Li-Jie Qiao Alex A.Volinsky
文章页码:591 - 595
摘 要:The effect of height on performance of the PZT/Ni cylindrical bilayered magnetoelectric(ME) composites was studied in situ in this paper.Multiple resonant peaks appear between 1 and 300 kHz frequency for cylinders of different heights.The first resonance frequency does not change with the cylinder height decreasing,but the second and the third resonant frequencies increase.The first three resonant modes are attributed to the cylinder radial,first-order height resonance,and second-order height resonance,respectively.The appropriate size and resonance frequency were chosen to obtain the highest ME voltage coefficient when designing cylindrical bilayered magnetoelectric devices.This article provides reference to design cylindrical magnetoelectric devices.
稀有金属(英文版) 2017,36(07),591-595
Zhi-Jun Zuo De-An Pan Li-Jun Wang Jian-Jun Tian Shen-Gen Zhang Li-Jie Qiao Alex A.Volinsky
School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing
Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of South Florida
收稿日期:18 October 2013
基金:supported by the Beijing Nova Program(No.Z141103001814006);the National Key Technology R&D Program(Nos.2012BAC12B05 and 2012BAC02B01);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51174247 and U1360202);the National High-Tech Research and the Development Program of China(No.2012AA063202);
Zhi-Jun Zuo De-An Pan Li-Jun Wang Jian-Jun Tian Shen-Gen Zhang Li-Jie Qiao Alex A.Volinsky
School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing
Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of South Florida
Abstract:
The effect of height on performance of the PZT/Ni cylindrical bilayered magnetoelectric(ME) composites was studied in situ in this paper.Multiple resonant peaks appear between 1 and 300 kHz frequency for cylinders of different heights.The first resonance frequency does not change with the cylinder height decreasing,but the second and the third resonant frequencies increase.The first three resonant modes are attributed to the cylinder radial,first-order height resonance,and second-order height resonance,respectively.The appropriate size and resonance frequency were chosen to obtain the highest ME voltage coefficient when designing cylindrical bilayered magnetoelectric devices.This article provides reference to design cylindrical magnetoelectric devices.
Keyword:
Cylindrical layered composites; Height; Resonant mode; Demagnetization factor;
Author: De-An Pan e-mail:pandean@mater.ustb.edu.cn;
Received: 18 October 2013
1 Introduction
Multifunctional materials draw much attention due to their integrated properties,such as magnetoelectric (ME)
Among the multifunctional materials,the ME materials provide significant potential for applications in devices operating at low frequencies,such as a pico-Tesla sensitivity magnetometer
Electro-deposited plate layered ME composites have comparable ME performance to the Tb1-xDyxFe2-y (Terfenol-D)/PZT prepared by the gluing method
2 Experimental
A commercial hollow Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT-5H,supplied by the Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences) cylinder with a height of 17 mm,an inner diameter of 18 mm,and an outer diameter of 20 mm was electro-deposited with nickel on the outer surface to make a PZT/Ni cylinder ME composition.The composition of the plating solution and electro-deposition was described in detail elsewhere
For ME measurements,samples were subjected to a bias magnetic field,HDC,superimposed with a sinusoidal fieldδH (frequency range from 1 to 300 kHz).A voltage,δV,generated across the PZT cylinder thickness was amplified and measured with an oscilloscope.The ME voltage coefficient was calculated asαE=δV·(tPZT·δH)-1,where tPZT is the PZT thickness andδH is the change of the applied magnetic field.αE,A can be obtained with HDC andδH applied along the cylinder's vertical axis
Fig.1 Dependence of magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (αE,A) on applied magnetic field frequency for PZT/Ni bilayered cylindrical ME composite
3 Results and discussion
The dependence of magnetoelectric voltage coefficientαE,A on the applied magnetic field frequency for the PZT/Ni bilayered cylindrical ME composite with the height of17 mm and HDC=Hm=0.026 T is shown in Fig.1,where Hm is the applied magnetic field whenαE,A reaches the peak value.There are multiple resonant peaks in the ME voltage coefficient curve as a function of the frequency of the applied magnetic field varying from 1 to 300 kHz.Figure 1 shows that two resonant peaks appear at about 56and 60 kHz,which look like twin peaks.A strong resonant peak also appears at about 116 kHz.All of the resonant frequencies are denoted as fr.The ME coefficient decreases with the increase of frequency in the range of 0-20 kHz according to the reported studies
In order to study the height effect on the ME performance of the cylinder,initial ME measurements were performed with the original sample,and then its height was sequentially reduced by sanding,while all other dimensions remained the same.Figure 2a shows the resonance frequency (fr) dependence on the height (h) of the cylinder ranged from 17 to 7 mm for the first three peaks.Figure 2a indicates that fr increases with the decrease of h for the second and third peaks.However,for the first peak,fr does not change with the decrease of h.For the second resonant peak,the resonance frequency increases linearly with h-1(R=0.94777) decreasing as shown in Fig.2b.Figure 2c shows that the third resonance frequency increases linearly with h-1 (R=0.9993) decreasing.The resonance frequencies are calculated by corresponding formulas as follows
Radial mode resonance frequency:
Height mode resonance frequency:
Fig.2 Dependence of resonance frequency (fr) on height (h) of cylinder reducing from 17 to 7 mm of the three peaks a,fit curve of the second peak b,and fit curve of the third peak c
Fig.3 Dependence of magnetoelectric voltage coefficient ((αE,A) on bias magnetic field HDC varying from 0 to 0.8 T:a 1.0 kHz,b 56.0 kHz,c 60.3 kHz,and d 116.2 kHz
where
The dependence of magnetoelectric voltage coefficientsαE,A on the bias magnetic field HDC varying from 0 to 0.8 T at 1 kHz and the first three resonant frequencies for the PZT/Ni cylindrical composites is shown in Fig.3.With the rise of HDC,there is a sharp peak in the field dependence at 1 kHz and resonant frequencies under Hm.However,with HDC increasing continuously,αE,A increases slowly at 1 kHz (Fig.3a),and quickly increases linearly at the first (Fig.3b) and the second (Fig.3c) resonant frequencies,but tends to 0 at the third resonance frequency(Fig.3d).In the previous study,it was proposed that the total ME effect was the sum ofαE(λ) caused by line magnetostriction under low fields andαE(ω) induced by volume magnetostriction under high fields
Fig.4 Dependence of Hm a andαE,A b on h varying from 17 to 7 mm
Figure 4a shows the dependence of Hm on h varying from 17 to 7 mm at 1 kHz of the first and the third resonant frequencies for the PZT/Ni layered cylindrical composites.Hm increases with the decrease of the cylinder height.The magnitude and field dependences ofαE are related to many factors,such as the large magnetoelectric susceptibility of the composites and the demagnetization field variation
Figure 4b shows the dependence of magnetoelectric voltage coefficientαE,A on h varying from 17 to 7 mm at1 kHz of the first and the third resonant frequencies for the PZT/Ni cylindrical composites with Hm and 0.8 T applied magnetic fields,α1 andα3 correspond to the first and the third resonant frequencies,respectively.αE,A decreases with the decrease of h when HDC=Hm under non-resonance frequency of 1 kHz.For the applied first resonance frequency,αE,A initially increases and then decreases subsequently with h decreasing at Hm and 0.8 T applied magnetic fields.αE,A reaches the maximum value at Hm and 0.8 T when h is sanded to 13 mm.The ME performance at 0.8 T applied magnetic field is better than that at Hm.The difference between the measuredαE,A of the sample with specific h under applied magnetic fields Hm and 0.8 T becomes larger with the decrease of h.Under the cylinder radial resonance mode,there exists an optimal aspect ratio for a cylindrical ME composite with specific diameter when the composite resonates under cylinder radial mode.However,the changes inαE,A are adverse at Hm and 0.8 T for the third applied resonance frequency.αE,A decreases at Hm,and mildly changes at 0.8 T.The giant ME voltage coefficient is not obtained at the secondorder height resonance mode due to the suppression effect of high applied magnetic field as mentioned above.On the contrary,the difference becomes smaller with the decrease of h.Figure 4b indicates thatα1 is smaller thanα3 when h is not less than 9 mm,but is larger when h is less than 9 mm.These results indicate that the appropriate size and applied resonance frequency should be chosen to obtain the highest ME voltage coefficient when designing the ME devices.
4 Conclusion
In this work,the effect of height on the ME performance of PZT/Ni cylindrical ME composites was analyzed.Multiple resonant peaks appear between 1 and 300 kHz.The first three resonant modes are attributed to the cylinder radial,first-order height resonance,and second-order height resonance,respectively.The size and applied resonance frequency should be chosen appropriately to obtain the optimal ME voltage coefficient when designing ME devices.
Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the Beijing Nova Program (No.Z141103001814006),the National Key Technology R&D Program (Nos.2012BAC12B05 and 2012B AC02B01),the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51174247 and U1360202),and the National High-Tech Research and the Development Program of China (No.2012AA063202).
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