从铅铜冶炼的副产物中回收共伴生贵金属

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报优先出版20210825

论文作者:周毅 蒋文龙 查国正 邓聚海 郭新宇 黄大鑫 徐宝强 杨斌

文章页码:48 - 63

关键词:铅铜冶炼的副产物;传统工艺;真空气化分离工艺;技术优势;环境影响

Key words:by-products of lead-copper smelting; traditional techniques; vacuum gasification separation process; technical superiority; environment influence

摘    要:金银由于优异的耐蚀性、良好的导电性而被扩展到许多高新技术产业领域,然而其储量有限,其原生矿资源已难以满足日趋增长的需求;铅铜冶炼过程产出的贵铅、贵铋、银锌壳、铜浮渣和硒渣等副产物中金银含量可观,已成为其主要来源之一。本文综述了从这些副产物中提取和回收贵金属的各种技术。依据副产品物料中各组元的熔沸点、蒸气压、氧化还原性等性质的差异,回收技术由传统的熔炼法、氧化精炼法、电解法等火、湿法工艺发展到高回收率、清洁高效的真空气化分离技术。本文详细地讨论了这些工艺的技术优势和对环境的影响,以及未来可能面临的挑战。为了实现金银高效回收、满足清洁生产的冶金要求,提出了几点考虑。

Abstract: Gold and silver have been extended to many high-tech industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance and good electrical conductivity. However, its primary mineral resources have been unable to meet the increasing demand. The noble lead, precious bismuth, silver-zinc shell, copper scum and selenium slag produced in the lead-copper smelting process contain considerable gold and silver content, which has become one of its main sources. This article outlines various technologies for extracting and recovering precious metals from these by-products. According to the properties of components, such as melting point, vapor pressure, redox and volatilization characteristics. The recovery technology has developed from traditional smelting, oxidation refining, electrolysis and other pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes to high recovery, clean and efficient vacuum separation technology. This article discusses in detail the technical advantages and environmental impact of these processes, as well as the challenges that they may face in the future. In order to realize the efficient recovery of precious metals and meet the metallurgical requirements of clean production, several considerations are put forward.

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