竖井旋流式溢洪道消能及空化特性

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2018年第12期

论文作者:王均星 张文传 董宗师 周招 杨晓

文章页码:3011 - 3020

关键词:无通气孔;竖井旋流;模型试验;数值模拟;掺气减蚀

Key words:no ventilation hole; shaft spillway with whirling current; model test; numerical simulation; aeration and erosion reduction

摘    要:为解决旋流式溢洪道壁面负压及其产生的空蚀问题,提出一种无通气孔的新型竖井旋流式溢洪道,并通过物理模型试验及数值模拟计算对其消能及空化特性进行研究。研究结果表明:无通气孔竖井旋流式溢洪道利用进水隧洞净空余幅作为掺气设施,使下泄水流卷携大量空气进入竖井内形成稳定掺混空腔,在竖井井壁摩擦剪切作用及旋转水流相互碰撞下,水流紊动加剧,显著提高掺气浓度及能量紊动耗散,有效解决旋流式溢洪道中易出现的空蚀破坏、消能不充分等问题。

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of the negative pressure on the wall surface of shaft spillway with whirling current and cavitation erosion, a new vertical swirling spillway without ventilation holes was proposed. The physical model test and numerical simulation were used to research the characteristics of energy dissipation and cavitation. The result shows that the net clearance of intake tunnel is used as an aeration facility to force the discharged water flow into the shaft with a large amount of air to form a stable mixing cavity. With the frictional shearing effect of the shaft wall and the rotating water colliding with each other, the turbulence of the water flow aggravates. The aeration concentration and the turbulent dissipation of energy are increased distinctly, thus effectively solving the problems of the cavitation erosion and insufficient energy dissipation in the swirling spillway.

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