微生物异化还原大洋多金属结核的机理

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2011年第z2期

论文作者:赖斌 刘欣伟 李浩然

文章页码:356 - 360

关键词:大洋多金属结核; 金属氧化物; 生物膜; 异化还原; 金属还原菌

Key words:marine manganese nodules; metal oxide; biofilm; dissimilatory reduction; metal reducing miroorganisms

摘    要:为考查异化还原微生物在浸出金属氧化物中的行为,从大洋海底沉积物中分离出能异化还原金属氧化矿的金属还原菌,在厌氧条件下进行异养微生物异化还原浸出大洋多金属结核的实验,Mn,Co,Ni和Cu的浸出率分别为98.6%,96.4%,95.8和89.6%。利用Geobacter metallireducens 构建微生物燃料电池,研究微生物异化还原金属氧化物的机理。研究结果表明:微生物将金属氧化物作为其呼吸作用的最终电子受体,以直接吸附接触方式还原金属氧化物,并在其颗粒表面形成生物膜,这种生物膜在异化还原过程中起关键作用。

Abstract: In order to study the behavior of microbial dissimilatory reduction in the process of bioleaching metal oxide, dissimilatory metal reducing microorganism (DMRM) was isolated from deep sea floor sediment of the pacific ocean. The DMRM was adopted to the bioleaching process of the metals in marine manganese nodules of deep sea bed under anaerobic leaching condition. The leaching rates of Mn, Co, Cu and Ni are 98.6%, 96.4%, 95.8% and 89.6%, respectively. Microbialfuel cell was set up with the bacteria of Geobacter metallireducens, and the mechanism of microbial dissimilatory metal reduction was studied. The results show that metal oxide is the final electron acceptor of microbial respiration. The biofilm formed by the way of directly adsorption on the surfaces of the metal oxide mineral plays a key role during the metal dissimilatorilly reduction process.

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