Sn4P3-induced crystalline/amorphous composite structures for enhanced sodium-ion battery anodes
来源期刊：JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE TECHNOLOG2020年第20期
论文作者：Jaffer Saddique Xu Zhang Tianhao Wu Heng Su Shiqi Liu Dian Zhang Yuefei Zhang Haijun Yu
文章页码：73 - 80
摘 要：The optimization of anode materials such as Sn,P and Sn4P3 in terms of capacity and cyclability is crucial to improve the overall performance of sodium-ion batteries.However,the delicate fabrication of these materials,including the balanced crystalline/amorphous domains,reasonable particle size and distribution,complementary components exhibiting synergetic reactions,among others,still greatly retards the realization of maximum performance.Herein,a series of Sn/P-based composite materials with a plum pudding configuration were fabricated to achieve controlled crystalline/amorphous structures as well as optimized size and distribution in a carbon framework.By using a facile and low-cost ball milling method,the structural transformation of Sn4P3 into phase-separated crystalline Sn and amorphous P in a carbonaceous framework can be finely controlled,producing a series of binary（Sn4 P3/C）,quaternary（Sn4P3/Sn/P/C） and ternary（Sn/P/C） composites.Due to the complementary components,crystalline/amorphous adjustment,crystallite sizes and well-integrated interfaces,the quaternary Sn4P3/Sn/P/C composite showed the best electrochemical performance,with a noticeable long-cycle performance of 382 mA hg-1 and 86% capacity retention for nearly 300 cycles.Different from binary and ternary composites,the discharge of quaternary composite generates no noticeable signals of Na15Sn4 and Na3 P in the ex-situ X-ray diffraction patterns,suggesting the crystallite growth of sodiation products can be depressed.Moreover,Sn4 P3 in the quaternary composite can be partially regenerated in the desodiation reaction,implying the significant short-range interaction and thus better synergetic reactions between Sn and P components.The results demonstrate that the design and organization of crystalline/amorphous structures can serve as an efficient strategy to develop novel electrode materials for sodium ion batteries.
Jaffer Saddique1,2，Xu Zhang1，Tianhao Wu1，Heng Su1，Shiqi Liu1，Dian Zhang1，Yuefei Zhang2，Haijun Yu1
1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology2. Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology
摘 要：The optimization of anode materials such as Sn,P and Sn4P3 in terms of capacity and cyclability is crucial to improve the overall performance of sodium-ion batteries.However,the delicate fabrication of these materials,including the balanced crystalline/amorphous domains,reasonable particle size and distribution,complementary components exhibiting synergetic reactions,among others,still greatly retards the realization of maximum performance.Herein,a series of Sn/P-based composite materials with a plum pudding configuration were fabricated to achieve controlled crystalline/amorphous structures as well as optimized size and distribution in a carbon framework.By using a facile and low-cost ball milling method,the structural transformation of Sn4P3 into phase-separated crystalline Sn and amorphous P in a carbonaceous framework can be finely controlled,producing a series of binary（Sn4 P3/C）,quaternary（Sn4P3/Sn/P/C） and ternary（Sn/P/C） composites.Due to the complementary components,crystalline/amorphous adjustment,crystallite sizes and well-integrated interfaces,the quaternary Sn4P3/Sn/P/C composite showed the best electrochemical performance,with a noticeable long-cycle performance of 382 mA hg-1 and 86% capacity retention for nearly 300 cycles.Different from binary and ternary composites,the discharge of quaternary composite generates no noticeable signals of Na15Sn4 and Na3 P in the ex-situ X-ray diffraction patterns,suggesting the crystallite growth of sodiation products can be depressed.Moreover,Sn4 P3 in the quaternary composite can be partially regenerated in the desodiation reaction,implying the significant short-range interaction and thus better synergetic reactions between Sn and P components.The results demonstrate that the design and organization of crystalline/amorphous structures can serve as an efficient strategy to develop novel electrode materials for sodium ion batteries.
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