时效工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织和力学性能的影响

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2018年第9期

论文作者:邓运来 李春明 张劲 赵久辉

文章页码:1711 - 1720

关键词:7050铝合金;时效工艺;拉伸性能;疲劳极限

Key words:Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy; aging system; tensile property; fatigue life

摘    要:采用硬度测试、拉伸性能测试、透射电镜分析(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)断口形貌观察以及疲劳性能测试等研究3种时效工艺对轨道交通用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:三级时效(120 ℃, 0.5 h, WC)+(65 ℃, 240 h)+(120 ℃, 24 h)态合金的抗拉强度达到640.2 MPa,高于二级时效(120 ℃, 4 h)+(175 ℃, 6 h)态合金的477.7 MPa和四级时效(105 ℃, 7 h)+(120 ℃, 7 h)+(155 ℃, 4 h)+(175 ℃, 4 h)态合金的483.5 MPa;二级时效和四级时效态合金中微米量级第二相粒子数量多,且尺寸较大;而三级时效态合金中,无论是微米量级第二相还是晶内η′析出相,其尺寸都小于二级和四级时效态合金的;3种时效工艺疲劳试验试样的裂纹源均起于试样表层,在频率50 Hz、应力比为-1的加载条件下,二级时效、三级时效和四级时效态合金的疲劳极限分别约为 145、239和180 MPa。

Abstract: The effects of aging system on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for rail transportation were investigated by hardness measurement, tensile test, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy observation and fatigue performance tests. The results show that after the three-stage aging (120 ℃, 0.5 h, WC)+(65 ℃, 240 h)+(120 ℃, 24 h) treatment, the tensile strength of alloy is 640.2 MPa, which is higher than 477.7 MPa of the two-stage aging (120 ℃, 4 h)+(175 ℃, 6 h) and 483.5 MPa of the four-stage aging (105 ℃, 7 h)+(120 ℃, 7 h)+(155 ℃, 4 h)+(175 ℃, 4 h). The two-stage aging and four-stage aging samples have the larger number of second phase particles and larger size. However, for the three-stage aging samples, whether it is the micron scale second phase, or intragranular η′ precipitates, their sizes are less than those of the two-stage and four-stage aging samples. The crack sources of three kinds of samples in the aging process fatigue test all start on the sample surfaces. The fatigue limits of the two-stage aging, three-stage aging and four-stage aging alloys are about 145 MPa, 239 MPa and 180 MPa, respectively.

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