冻融和干湿作用下表生板岩的劣化行为与机制

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2019年第6期

论文作者:谌文武 吴国鹏 崔凯 王珮

文章页码:1392 - 1403

关键词:板岩;劣化;冻融作用;干湿作用;交替作用

Key words:slate; degradation; freeze-thaw action; dry-wet action; alternation action

摘    要:基于构造交互地区板岩在浅表生环境中的劣化进程与其所在区域滑坡、崩塌和泥石流灾害的发生、发展密切相关,其劣化不仅受冻融、干湿这2种浅表生作用控制,更与两者的交替作用密切相关,对完成不同次数冻融循环、干湿循环及冻融-干湿交替循环试验后的板岩试样的质量、纵波波速、单轴抗压应力-应变曲线及其强度进行测试;为研究板岩试样劣化机理,对实验后的样品进行矿物成分分析和扫描电镜分析;从宏观与微观方面对比分析板岩在3种不同作用下的劣化响应程度。研究结果表明:板岩质量、弹性波速、抗压强度等物理力学参数在冻融、干湿及冻融-干湿交替作用过程中产生明显的劣化响应,随着试验次数增加,试样质量减少,波速降低,抗压强度减小,其中,波速、抗压强度呈负指数减小;云母、长石、方解石等矿物的溶蚀,伊利石与高岭石等次生黏土矿物的生成及其在冻融、干湿、冻融-干湿交替作用下的聚集、吸水膨胀与失水收缩是板岩破坏的主要原因之一;板岩对干湿作用的劣化程度明显比冻融-干湿交替作用和冻融作用的劣化程度大。

Abstract: Considering that slate, a material used around hill permafrost region, is naturally exposed to the alternating process with freeze-thaw(F-T) and dry-wet(D-W) process, and that it is one of the main disaster in rock engineering, that rock is deteriorated partially or completely on the surface of slope, the physical weathering of slate was assessed using photographs and measurement of variations in characteristics such as quality, elastic velocity, stress–strain curves and uniaxial compressive strength. Varied numbers of cycles of an alternating combination of the freeze-thaw or dry-wet weathering processes were applied in samples. The results show that in many alternating processes, the content of calcite, feldspar, pyrite and hematite decreases and the amount of secondary clay mineral such as gypsum, illite and mixture of illite and smectite increases. New fractures develop on the surfaces of pores as a result of outward pressure due to this increase in volume, and a lot of water would be absorbed to secondary clay mineral. This process repeats itself with the decrease and increase in temperature and causes undesired deteriorations in the bodies of slate. The experiments also approve that the deterioration degree of dry and wet action of slate is obviously greater than those of freeze-thaw-dry and wet alternating action and freeze-thaw action.

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