单轴压缩下孔洞砂岩细观破裂演化规律

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2019年第8期

论文作者:赵国彦 王恩杰 吴浩 邱菊 戴怡文

文章页码:1891 - 1901

关键词:岩石力学;孔洞砂岩;数字图像相关方法;孔洞形状;裂纹扩展

Key words:rock mechanics; single hole sandstone; digital image correlation method; hole shape; crack propagation

摘    要:采用INSTRON-1346型液压伺服控制试验机对含圆形、梯形、马蹄形和正方形4种孔洞的板样红砂岩进行单轴压缩试验,并借助数字图像相关技术观测和分析砂岩试样的变形和破裂演化过程,研究孔洞形状对岩石力学特性和断裂损伤演化规律的影响。研究结果表明:岩石抗压强度和弹性模量随着孔洞形状的不同而有不同程度的弱化,且梯形孔洞劣化作用最明显;含不同孔洞形状砂岩的破坏模式整体呈对角剪切破坏,但局部破坏存在一定差异;含孔洞岩样在单轴压缩条件下的变形损伤和演化过程均经历微孔隙压密与拉伸裂纹萌生阶段、拉伸裂纹稳定扩展阶段、次生裂纹萌生阶段、次生裂纹快速扩展阶段、远场裂纹萌生与繁衍阶段以及宏观剪切形成与破坏阶段这6个阶段;拉伸裂纹在加载全过程中经历“张开—闭合—重新张开”的过程;孔洞周围次生裂纹的起裂大多为张拉和剪切破坏共同作用的结果,其后剪切作用逐渐对裂纹的扩展起主导作用。

Abstract: The INSTRON-1346 hydraulic servo control testing machine was used to carry out uniaxial compression test on 4 kinds of red sandstone with circular, trapezoid, horseshoe shape and square holes. The digital image correlation method was used to observe and analyze the deformation and fracture evolution of sandstone specimens, and the effect of hole shape on rock mechanical properties and fracture damage evolution law was studied. The results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the rock are weakened to different degrees with different hole shapes, and the degradation of the trapezoidal pores is the most obvious. The deformation damage and evolution process of pore rock samples under uniaxial compression can be divided into 6 stages, i.e., pore gap compaction and tensile crack initiation, tensile crack stable propagation, secondary crack initiation, secondary crack rapid propagation, far field crack initiation and propagation, and macro shear formation and failure stages. The tensile cracks experience a process of "open-close-reopen" during the whole loading process. The initiation of secondary cracks is mostly due to the combined action of tension and shear failure. Thereafter, shear effect gradually plays a major role in the propagation of cracks.

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