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], sol-gel[6-7], precipitation[8], water-oil microemulsion[9], polyol-mediated process[10], ultrasoni?cation[11], hydrothermal[12-14], and mechanochemical method[15], have been tried to lower the reaction... a challenge. It appears that the best solution both to control powder morphology and to produce low cost thin films is the use of soft chemistry routes, in particular the sol-gel process since......
process does not alter the dimensions of the sample, a large amount of plastic strain (true effective strain as large as 10-20) can be imposed via multi-pass processing. In addition, different... of sheet and plate. In order to overcome the deficiency of ECAP, it is of interest to attempt the combined process of ECAP and conventional rolling[8-9]. The FeCoV alloy is becoming increasingly......
process is located at the peak temperature (Tp) of around 500 K. Characteristic temperatures such as Tg, Tx, Tp, Tm (solidus temperature) and Tl (liquidus temperature) are marked on the DSC curves... was investigated (listed in Table 1). With increasing heating rate, the measured characteristic temperatures such as Tp increase slightly. This phenomenon is quite common for a kinetic process......
loading, the plastic deformation can be regarded an adiabatic process, accompanied by a significant temperature rise. Severe plastic deformation is restricted to a narrow region that is generally..., coarsening and dissolution of the precipitates coexist in the thermally-activated process. Increasing the deforma- tion temperature accelerates precipitates dissolution and dislocation annihilation......
. The BaTiO3 ceramic inks were prepared by the sol-gel process involving the mixing of titanium isopropoxide and barium acetate in deionized water under continuous stirring at room temperature. The amount... in SEM image: (a) Ink made by mixing process; (b) Ink made by sol-gel process Fig.5 Schematic illustration of internal micro-flow in drying of ink made by mixing method From Fig.4(b), the dot with ink......
; 1 Introduction Elemental sulfur as the intermediate product of the bioleaching process may be accumulated and form a sulfur layer on the mineral surface, leading to the modification of the electrochemical properties of mineral surface and the inhibition of the bioleaching process [1-2......
value. A bright spark appears only at localized location on anode surface and moves slowly across the surface. Fig.1 Cell voltage curves of anodizing process at 20 mA/cm2 To study the effect of anodizing time on the properties of anodized films, samples with different anodizing time are first prepared and the applied current density of the anodizing process is 20 mA/cm2. Then the corrosion......
this type of brushes, however, these investigations were mainly focused on the effects of formula and manufacturing process parameters on the properties of brushes[7], and related research on the lubricant... Sample preparation and characterization The manufacturing process of high-resistivity carbon brushes is shown in Fig.1. Fig.1 Manufacturing process for carbon brushes In first step, all materials were......
watering-molecules and hydroxyls[7]. So the dehydration process of gels is very important. Absolute alcohol has good dehydration character. It can replace moisture that is absorbed on the surface... preparation In our preparation process, the La(NO3)3?6H2O, Sr(NO3)2 and Mn(NO3)2 in appropriate quantity were dissolved in absolute alcohol, and citric acid was added in proper molar ratio, churning up......
by various factors, such as the surface state of the substrate, the interior stress of thin film, the process of thin film deposition and the combination mode of the interface between thin film... was rotated and cooled by 20 ℃ water while films were deposited. Table 1 Treatment technique of substrates surface Table 2 Process of ion beam assisting bombardment implanting of W particle......