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and rupture of the water film formed when the bubble and the particle are close to each other. Intermolecular (van der Waals), electrical (double layer), and hydrophobic forces significantly contribute... determined the time of water film thinning to characterize attachment interaction. The models assumed to describe the adhesion ways between particle and bubble were introduced. 2 Experimental 2.1......
-junction region (marked as B) and the thin film Nd-rich phase at grain boundaries (marked as C). Some sintering pores (marked as D) are also visible in the images. Figure 5 indicates that the fracture... structure and the microstructure resulted from sintered process, which contributes to the magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B alloy but are harmful for the mechanical properties [17]. Firstly, thin film Nd......
, 14]. Cross-sectional micrographs of coatings are shown in Figure 2. The thicknesses of all coatings are measured as nearly 3 μm. The crystallites of AlTiN film are typical columnar. With adding of Cu.... It is found that all films exhibit a face- centered cubic (fcc) structure. Two main peaks occur in the pattern of AlTiN film, at around 2θ=37.08° and 2θ=43.45°, corresponding to AlTiN (111) and AlTiN......
experiments to improve the rate of film thickness and quality of the films. The film growth rate was determined by the difference in mass of the substrate before and after deposition. The rate of copper... 5 to 35 g/L. TEA concentration was varied from 10 to 40 g/L, paraformaldehyde concentration was varied from 1 to 9 g/L and CuSO4 concentration was varied from 5 to 15 g/L. From this, the rate of film......
molecule is deprotonated (in the presence of formed OH- anions), and a complex with Cu+ ion is formed (CuBTA). Benzotriazole- based film is formed over the entire surface of AA2024 alloy, on intermetallic particles (IMPs) which contain copper, and on the alloy matrix which also contains copper. The film formation is favoured in the presence of chloride ions in the inhibitor-containing solution......
, for the glassy alloys can form homogeneous oxide film on the surface [14]. Compared with crystalline counterpart, the glassy alloys possess excellent corrosion resistance due to the disorder structure [15... of cation has made a contribution of protect film [16]. When the matrix metal was dissolved, the alloy constituents separated from the matrix. The precipitated elements hardly reacted with solutions......
of surface film usually owes to the attack of Cl- ions. The Cl- ions preferentially attack the weak sites of the film to form the active sites. Then, the corrosion initiates at the active sites.... According to the classical corrosion mechanism [30], the small size of Cl- ion could penetrate the surface oxide film to attack the magnesium substrate and then to form corrosion pits. In magnesium......
measurement Vickers microhardness of the anodic film was carried out using a Vickers microhardness tester DELTALAB HVS-1000 (200 g load for 15 s as dwell time). Results are the average of 10 measurements... those elaborated in sulphuric acid bath (Figure 1(a)). These results are consistent with those of MOUTARLIER et al [17] who demonstrated that oxalic acid addition has a benefic effect on the film......
of falling film generator compared to the traditional immersed tube generator and found the former was more suitable for low-grade heat driven solar ARS. Some researchers [22–25] studied desorption... the strengthening effect is the best with the transducer placed at certain H and the effect declines if the actual height is higher or lower than the certain H. As known from double-film theory......
negative movement of the OCP in the beginning, and then it tends to be steady with the increase of the immersion time. The reason is that the oxide film formed in air initially covers the steel surface. When the steel coupon is immersed, this native oxide film tends to dissolve which leads to a decrease of the OCP. For static coupon testing, OCP of the Q235A steel specimen decreases rapidly before......