考虑轮轨周期性磨耗因素的滚动接触动态特性研究

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第4期

论文作者:丁旺才 吴丹 王鹏

文章页码:1389 - 1399

关键词:车辆-轨道耦合动力学;车轮谐波磨耗;钢轨波磨;残余波磨;蠕滑力

Key words:vehicle-track coupled dynamics; harmonic wear of wheel; rail corrugation; residual corrugation; creep effort

摘    要:为探究轮轨周期性磨耗综合作用对轮轨动态相互作用力和接触蠕滑特性的影响,建立柔性轮轨下的车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,通过现场实测车轮谐波磨耗和钢轨波磨,将轨道不平顺和3种钢轨波磨分别叠加得到3种轨道激励;以车轮谐波磨耗分别与3种轨道激励组合作为轮轨周期性磨耗工况,对比分析低速和高速下3种轮轨周期性磨耗工况作用下的滚动接触动态特性。研究结果表明:无论是在低速还是在高速下,轮轨垂向力最大值均出现在轮轨周期性磨耗工况一的钢轨波磨段,且在工况一作用下,垂向力相较于工况三的最大增幅达76.16%;而钢轨波磨对轮轨横向力的影响较小。在工况一作用下出现了2个高频振动峰值,且由钢轨波磨引起的振动频率比车轮谐波磨耗触发的激振频率大;轮轨周期性磨耗对纵向蠕滑力受速度的影响比较显著,对横向蠕滑力的影响不起主导作用;在工况一作用下,无论是低速还是高速,轮轨间接触斑面积均在钢轨波磨段出现最大值,且随速度增大,相较于工况三其增幅也随之增大;轮轨周期性磨耗中的残余波磨无论对轮轨动态相互作用力还是对轮轨间蠕滑特性的影响均较小。

Abstract: To investigate the influence of wheel-rail periodic wear on the dynamic interaction force and contact creep characteristics, a vehicles-track coupled dynamics model was established for the flexible wheel-rail. Through the field measured harmonic wear of wheel and rail corrugation, three kinds of orbital incentives were obtained by the superposition of orbit uneven and three kinds of rail track, respectively. The wheel harmonic wear separately combined with three kinds of orbit excitations was taken as wheel-rail periodic wear condition. The dynamic characteristics of rolling contact for three kinds of wheel-rail periodic wear under low-speed and high-speed corrugating condition were compared and analyzed. The results show that no matter at low-speed or high-speed, the maximum wheel-rail vertical force appears in the rail corrugation section under wheel-rail periodic wear condition 1, and the maximum increase of vertical force under operating condition 1 is up to 76.16% compared with operating condition 3. However, the rail corrugation has little effect on wheel-rail lateral force. During the operation of condition 1, there are two peaks of high frequency vibration, and the vibration frequency caused by rail corrugation is higher than that caused by wheel harmonic abrasion. The influence of wheel-rail periodic wear on longitudinal creep effort is significant, but it has no dominant influence on lateral creep effort. During the operation of condition 1, the contact spot area maximized in rail corrugation section at both low speed and high speed, and its increasing rate increases with the increase of speed compared with that in condition 3. The residual corrugation in the wheel-rail periodic wear has little effect on the dynamic interaction between wheel and rail and the creep characteristics between wheel and rail.

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