浸矿细菌的超微结构及其特性

来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)2004年第4期

论文作者：傅建华 邱冠周 胡岳华 徐竟

文章页码：562 - 567

关键词：浸矿细菌;超微结构;功能;分子细菌学

Key words：bioleaching bacteria; ultrastructure; function; molecular bacteriology

摘    要：为了研究几种主要浸矿细菌的超微结构与功能的关系,确立浸矿细菌的表现型和基因型之间的关系,对3种主要浸矿细菌即氧化亚铁硫杆菌(T.f)、氧化硫硫杆菌(T.t)和氧化亚铁微螺菌(L.f)用扫描电镜和透射电镜进行观察,对其主要基本结构、外部结构和内部结构进行描述。研究结果表明:用硫粉为惟一能源的培养基培养浸矿细菌时,有典型的铁细菌氧化亚铁微螺菌(L.f)存在,说明L.f能在硫培养基中存活;在硫培养基中生长的浸矿细菌能够产生外膜泡,外膜泡与细菌的生物大分子物质向外运输、信号传导等有关,特别是与形成细菌与矿物之间的 聚合桥相关;聚合桥的形成促进了吸附率的显著增加,从而使金属矿物的生物氧化率显著增加。

Abstract: In order to study on the relation between ultrastructure and function of a few major leaching bacteria, the elementary structure, external structure and internal structure of three major leaching bacteria—Thiobacillus ferrooxidans(T.f), Thiobacillus thiooxidans(T.t)andLeptospirillum ferrooxidans(L.f) were observed by scanning electron microscope and transmissive electron microscope.Their ultrastructure and function were described and discussed. It can be seen thatL.fcan be alive in the medium in which S medium is the only energy. Leaching bacteria can produce some external membrane bubbles when cultured in S medium. The function of external membrane bubbles is mainly to transport some big molecular to the outside of the bacteria, especially related to the adhesion between the bacteria and the mineral. As the adhesion rate of bacteria is increased, the dissolve rate of the mineral is also increased.