Abstract: Superplastic behaviors of a TiAl based alloy with deformed and duplex microstructure were investigated in air at temperatures ranging from 800℃ to 950℃ and at strain rates ranging from 5×10-5s-1 to 1×10-3s-1. The results show that the TiAl alloy with deformed microstructure exhibits excellent low temperature superplasticity. A maximal elongation of 413% is obtained at 900℃ (at a strain rate of 5×10-4s-1), and the elongation values over 300% are obtained at 800℃(at a strain rate of 5×10-4s-1) or at a strain rate of 1×10-3s-1(at 900℃). The lower superplasticity in duplex microstructure was observed, owing to the larger grain size and the effect of the grain boundary structure and state on the flow. With increased temperatures or decreased strain rates, fracture occurs because of oxidation. The flow softening and the strain hardening are observed in the deformation, a lower rate of strain hardening is corresponding to a larger elongation. The strain rate sensitivity values were examined by incremental strain rate tests. The alloy shows relatively high m value which keeps above 0.3 in the deforming range, the maximal value of m is 0.78. At temperature range from 900℃ to 950℃, the activation mechanism of the superplastic deformation changes, and the activation energy is calculated to be 178kJ/mol at temperature range from 800℃ to 900℃, which is greatly lower than the values of activation energy of volume diffusion in γ-TiAl and in α2-Ti3Al, otherwise closely to the value of activation energy of grain boundary diffusion in γ-TiAl. Therefore, the dominant mechanism during superplatic deformation at temperature range from 800℃ to 900℃ is grain boundary sliding controlled by grain boundary diffusion.
Mechanical behaviors of TiAl alloy during low temperature superplastic deformation
Abstract:
Superplastic behaviors of a TiAl based alloy with deformed and duplex microstructure were investigated in air at temperatures ranging from 800 ℃ to 950 ℃ and at strain rates ranging from 5×10-5s-1 to 1×10-3s-1. The results show that the TiAl alloy with deformed microstructure exhibits excellent low temperature superplasticity. A maximal elongation of 413% is obtained at 900 ℃ (at a strain rate of 5×10-4s-1), and the elongation values over 300% are obtained at 800 ℃(at a strain rate of 5×10-4s-1) or at a strain rate of 1×10-3s-1(at 900 ℃). The lower superplasticity in duplex microstructure was observed, owing to the larger grain size and the effect of the grain boundary structure and state on the flow. With increased temperatures or decreased strain rates, fracture occurs because of oxidation. The flow softening and the strain hardening are observed in the deformation, a lower rate of strain hardening is corresponding to a larger elongation. The strain rate sensitivity values were examined by incremental strain rate tests. The alloy shows relatively high m value which keeps above 0.3 in the deforming range, the maximal value of m is 0.78. At temperature range from 900 ℃ to 950 ℃, the activation mechanism of the superplastic deformation changes, and the activation energy is calculated to be 178 kJ/mol at temperature range from 800 ℃ to 900 ℃, which is greatly lower than the values of activation energy of volume diffusion in γTiAl and in α2Ti3Al, otherwise closely to the value of activation energy of grain boundary diffusion in γTiAl. Therefore, the dominant mechanism during superplatic deformation at temperature range from 800 ℃ to 900 ℃ is grain boundary sliding controlled by grain boundary diffusion.
图1超塑性变形前TiAl基合金变形组织的金相(a)和透射电镜照片(b),双态组织的金相照片(c)Fig.1 Optical(a)and TEM(b)micrographs of initial microstructure of TiAl alloy with deformed-microstructure,and optical micrograph(c)of initial microstructure with duplex-microstructure
图3 TiAl基合金(试样A)在应变速率ε·=5×10-4s-1(a)和温度t=900℃(b)进行超塑性拉伸的应力—应变曲线Fig.3 Plots of true stress vs true strain in sample A(a)—At strain rate of 5×10-4s-1;(b)—At 900℃