页岩敏感性损害评价方法及损害机理

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2016年第4期

论文作者:唐洪明 龚小平 唐浩轩 张烈辉 赵峰 何云

文章页码:1227 - 1237

关键词:页岩;敏感性;孔喉分布;评价方法;损害机理

Key words:shale; formation sensitivity; pore throat distribution; evaluation method; damage mechanism

摘    要:以鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区延长组长7页岩为研究对象,在分析研究区脆性矿物、黏土矿物、孔隙结构等参数基础上,结合目前的行业标准SY/T 5358—2010“储层敏感性流动实验评价方法”,建立改善的页岩敏感性损害评价方法,采用压力脉冲衰减法测试页岩敏感性损害前后的渗透率,利用核磁共振仪测试不同流体对页岩孔喉分布和岩相变化影响,揭示页岩敏感性损害微观机理。研究结果表明:长7页岩黏土矿物以伊/蒙间层为主,其次为伊利石,孔喉分布以双峰态为主,孔径一般小于50 nm;具有弱~中等偏弱的水敏和碱敏等损害程度,页岩敏感性损害后纳米级孔喉变化是其敏感性损害的本质原因。水敏损害后页岩孔隙度降低,主要为宏孔、介孔减少,微孔几乎不变;酸敏损害后页岩不同级别的孔隙均减少;碱敏损害后页岩宏孔减少,微孔和介孔增加。

Abstract: Taking Chang 7 shale of the Yanchang Formation in Xiasiwan area of the Ordos Basin as the research object, based on the analysis of the basic parameters such as the brittle minerals, clay minerals and pore structure, combined with the current industry standard (SY/T 5358—2010, formation damage evaluation by flow test), an improved method was set up to evaluate shale formation damage quantitatively. New method used a non-steady pressure pulse-decay method to test the permeability change of shale samples before and after the formation sensitivity tests, in addition, for deeply understanding the microscopic damage mechanism, the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument was used to characterize series of working fluid effects on pore throat distribution and lithofacies change of shale sample. The results show that among the clay minerals of Chang 7 shale, illite/smectite mixed layer mineral is dominated and followed by illite, the shape of pore throat distribution curve is mainly bimodal and pore size is usual less than 50 nm. The water-sensitive, acid-sensitive and alkali-sensitive damage are at a weak or moderate to weak level. The nano-pores size change of shale samples after the sensitivity damage test is the essential reason for sensitivity damage. After water-sensitivity damage, total porosity of shale decreases with the decrease of macropore, mesopore and the unchangeableness of micropore. The pores in different size classes of shale decrease after acid-sensitivity damage. After alkali-sensitivity damage, macropore of shale decreases, while micropore and mesopore increase.

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