中国东部的地洼型成矿作用
来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)1988年第4期
论文作者：陈国达
文章页码：349 - 356
关键词：地洼； 成矿作用； 控矿构造； 复合成因矿床； 成因类型； 矿床成因论/地洼型； 多因复成矿床； 华夏型地洼区； 中国东部
Key words：geodepression； ore formation； ore controlling structure； compound origin deposit； genetic type； metallogeny/diwa type； metallogenesis； polygenetic compound ore deposits； Cathaysian-type diwa-region； East China
摘 要：近年研究所知,著者于50年代提出的地洼区具有重要的成矿作用。本文据较新的研究结果,作一简要总结。中国东部的地洼区属华夏型,其主要内生矿种为与酸性、中性以至碱性岩有关的有色金属(特别是钨锡钼锌锑等)、稀有金属、稀土金属及放射性元素。此外,煤、油气也丰富。内生矿床类型主要有接触交代型、斑岩型、爆发岩筒型、陆相火山岩型及热水型。外生矿床具有自身的特点。以煤为例,受地洼盆地控制,常可具有大的总厚度,因此可以在小面积内藏有巨大的储量。油气田以块断型及拱裂型为多见;任邱式古汗山型油藏是一特式。更重要的成矿特点是矿床的综合性、多样性和复杂性。由于矿产的继承性及成矿递进性明显,成矿迭加作用常形成了矿产的“多代同堂”现象。“多因复成矿床”常见,已知包括三个模式:迭加富化、改造富化及再造富集。每一模式中又可分为若干形成方式,产生于不同的大地构造条件,各受相应大地构造成矿规律的控制
Abstract: The diwa(geodepression)region proposed by the author in 1956 and 1959,is known recentlyfor its very important metallogenesis,either in China or in other areas of the world.The diwaregions in E.China belong to Cathaysian type.Principal mineral kinds are non-ferrous metals(especially W,Sn,Bi,Mo,Cu,Pb,Zn,Sb,etc.),rare metals,rare-earth metals and radioactiveelements,generally related to acid,intermediate and even akline rocks,Besides,coal,oil and gasare common.Principal types of endogenic ore deposits are contact-metasomatic,porphyry,explosion-breccia pipe,continental volcanic rock and hot water.Exogenic ore deposits possess theirown features.Coal deposits are controlled by diwa basins,generalIy great in total thickness withlarge amount of reserve in a small area.Oil fields are mostly of block-fault and arco-faulttypes,and buried-hill pools of Renqiu type are peculiar.Still more important metallogenic fea-ture is the comprehensiveness,multiformity and complexity of ores as a result of the inheritanceof ores and progression of metallogenesis.Superposition of metallogenesis often results in“coexis-tence of generations of metallogenesis.”“Polygenic compound ore deposits”are numerous,in-cluding three main models:saperimposition-richening type;transformation-richening type andreconstruction-enrichment type.
