Au-Sn焊点异质界面的耦合反应及其对力学性能的影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2019年第4期

论文作者:韦小凤 朱学卫 黄玉祥 卫启哲 程小利

文章页码:821 - 829

关键词:AuSn焊点;异质界面;耦合反应;界面金属间化合物(IMC);生长行为

Key words:AuSn solder; heterogenous interface; coupling reaction; intermetallic compounds (IMC); growth behavior

摘    要:为了探讨Au-Sn异质焊点耦合界面反应对界面IMC层生长行为及焊点力学性能的影响,采用回流焊技术制备Ni/AuSn/Ni和Cu/AuSn/Ni三明治结构焊点,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能谱分析(EDS)研究焊点在钎焊与老化退火中的组织演变。研究结果表明:在钎焊中Ni-Ni焊点的AuSn/Ni界面形成(Ni,Au)3Sn2金属间化合物 (IMC)层,而Cu-Ni焊点的AuSn/Ni界面形成(Ni,Au,Cu)3Sn2四元IMC层,表明钎焊过程中上界面的Cu原子穿过AuSn焊料到达Ni界面参与耦合反应。在老化退火中,界面IMC层的厚度l随退火时间t延长而逐渐增大,其生长规律符合扩散控制机制的关系式:l=k(t/t0)n。在160 ℃和200 ℃退火时,(Ni,Au)3Sn2层的生长以晶界扩散和体积扩散为主。由于Cu原子的耦合作用,(Ni,Au,Cu)3Sn2层的生长以反应扩散为主。Cu-Ni异质界面焊点中,Cu的耦合作用抑制了AuSn/Ni界面(Ni,Au,Cu)3Sn2IMC层的生长,减缓了焊点剪切强度的下降速度,有利于提高焊点的可靠性。

Abstract: In order to discuss the coupling effects on the growth behavior of intermetallic compounds (IMC) and mechanical property of joints, the Ni/AuSn/Ni (Ni-Ni) and Cu/AuSn/Ni (Cu-Ni) sandwich solder joints were prepared by reflowing process and isothermal aged at various solid-state temperatures. The interfacial reactions and microstructures of joints were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that, at as-reflowed joints, the ternary (Ni,Au)3Sn2 phases are formed at the AuSn/Ni interface in Ni-Ni type joints, and he quaternary (Ni,Au,Cu)3Sn2 phases are formed at the AuSn/Ni interface in Cu-Ni type joints. A coupling effect occurs at AuSn/Ni interfaces in Cu-Ni joints. During the isothermal aging, the thickness l of the IMC layers monotonically increase with increasing aging time t according to the relationship l=k(t/t0)n for both type joints. Aged at 160 ℃ and 200 ℃, the grain boundary diffusion as well as volume diffusion contributes to the rate-controlling process for the (Ni,Au)3Sn2 layer. However, due to the coupling interfacial reaction with Cu atoms diffusion through the solder to the Ni side, the (Ni,Au,Cu)3Sn2 layer was growing with reaction diffusion mechanism. The coupling effects in Cu-Ni type joints can inhibit the growth of (Ni,Au,Cu)3Sn2 layer at AuSn/Ni interface, which can slow down the deterioration of mechanical property, and improve the reliability of soldering joints.

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