低镍不锈钢光谱标准样品的研制

来源期刊：冶金分析2011年第4期

论文作者：马冲先 黄申华 钱芳华

文章页码：71 - 76

关键词：标准样品； 低镍不锈钢； 光谱分析； 研制

Key words：certified reference material； low-nickel stainless steel； spectroanalysis； development

摘    要：根据GB/15000《标准样品工作导则》、YB/T 082-1996《冶金产品分析用标准样品技术规范》和相关ISO导则研制了包含C、Si、Mn、P、S、Ni、Cr、Cu、Mo、V、Co、Sn、As、W、Nb、N共16个元素的马氏体沉淀硬化型不锈钢S17400(17-4PH),双相不锈钢S32205、S32750和200系奥氏体不锈钢S20100(201)等4种典型低镍不锈钢光谱分析用标准样品。采用500 kg中频感应炉冶炼,冶炼过程利用感应磁力搅拌,301铝丝和硅-钙粉脱氧,小截面(Φ145 mm)锭型金属模上注法浇铸,从而保证了钢液成分均匀、良好的脱氧效果和元素的较高回收率,避免了成分偏析和夹杂物的形成。铸锭经锻造和热轧后进行偏析和金相组织检验,结果表明被测元素没有偏析且组织结构能满足制作光谱标样的要求。用F方差法检验均匀性,各元素F值均小于临界值F0,表明被检元素的均匀性良好。由8家有资质的实验室采用多种不同原理,准确、可靠的分析方法协作定值分析,对分析结果进行统计和处理,得到了被定值元素的认定值和扩展不确定度。

Abstract: According to GB/15000 Directives for the work of reference materials,YB/T 082-1996 Specification for CRMs for metallurgical product analysis and related ISO Guides,four typical low-nickel stainless steel certified reference materials for spectroanalysis including martensite precipitation hardening stainless steel S17400(17-4PH),dual-phase stainless steels S32205 and S32750,and 200 series austenite stainless steel S20100(201) containing 16 elements(C,Si,Mn,P,S,Ni,Cr,Cu,Mo,V,Co,Sn,As,W,Nb and N) were developed.A 500 kg medium frequency induction furnace was used for smelting,and the induction magnetic stirring was used in smelting process.The deoxygenation was conducted using 301 aluminum wire and silicon-calcium powder.The homogeneity samples were cast by top teeming process in small-section ingot case die(Φ145 mm).The uniform liquid steel composition,good deoxygenation effect and high recovery of elements were guaranteed,avoiding composition segregation and the formation of inclusions.After forging and hot rolling,the segregation test and metallographic structure test of cast ingots were conducted.The results showed that the testing elements had no segregation,and the structure could meet the requirements to prepare certified reference materials for spectroanalysis.The homogeneity was tested by F variance method.The values of F of all elements were less than the critical value(F0),indicating that the homogeneity of testing elements was good.The certified value was obtained in eight qualified laboratories using accurate and reliable analytical methods with different principles.The analytical results were statisticed and processed.The certified values and expanded uncertainty of testing elements were obtained.