Abstract: The hydrogenation-decrepitation (HD) as well as hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) processes for Sm12.7Fe86.3Nb1 alloys were investigated at different temperatures by means of XRD, home-made HDDR equipment and microstructure observations. It shows that the hydrogenation reaction Sm2(Fe, Nb)17+H2→Sm2(Fe, Nb)17Hy can begin from 100 ℃, which is accelerated with increasing temperature. The maximal unit cell volume expansion of 3.38% is found at 400 ℃. The disproportionation reaction Sm2(Fe, Nb)17Hy+H2→SmHy+α-Fe(Nb) begins at 500 ℃ and can continue to 900 ℃. The temperature for HD should be below 500 ℃. The desorption-recombination processes maybe carry out according to the reaction SmHy+α-Fe(Nb)→Sm2-(Fe, Nb)17+H2 above 700 ℃. The hydrogenation-disproportionation processes finish when samples are continuously heated up to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 400 ℃/h, and the desorption-recombination processes will reach equilibrium with disproportionation process on the basis of SmHy+α-Fe(Nb)Sm2(Fe, Nb)17+H2 and only pumping-vacuum can facilitate the reaction to right. Broken samples on halfway HDDR is detrimental to the magnetic properties because of lots of remained α-Fe phase. The content of α-Fe in HDDR-treated samples is higher than that of annealed samples. Lots of cracks in the particles are found among the HDDR-treated samples, and the size of the recombined Sm2(Fe, Nb)17 particles becomes less than 300 nm.
The hydrogenation-decrepitation (HD) as well as hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) processes for Sm12.7Fe86.3Nb1 alloys were investigated at different temperatures by means of XRD, home-made HDDR equipment and microstructure observations. It shows that the hydrogenation reaction Sm2(Fe, Nb)17+H2→Sm2(Fe, Nb)17Hy can begin from 100 ℃, which is accelerated with increasing temperature. The maximal unit cell volume expansion of 3.38% is found at 400 ℃. The disproportionation reaction Sm2(Fe, Nb)17Hy+H2→SmHy+α-Fe(Nb) begins at 500 ℃ and can continue to 900 ℃. The temperature for HD should be below 500 ℃. The desorption-recombination processes maybe carry out according to the reaction SmHy+α-Fe(Nb)→Sm2-(Fe, Nb)17+H2 above 700 ℃. The hydrogenation-disproportionation processes finish when samples are continuously heated up to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 400 ℃/h, and the desorption-recombination processes will reach equilibrium with disproportionation process on the basis of SmHy+α-Fe(Nb)Sm2(Fe, Nb)17+H2 and only pumping-vacuum can facilitate the reaction to right. Broken samples on halfway HDDR is detrimental to the magnetic properties because of lots of remained α-Fe phase. The content of α-Fe in HDDR-treated samples is higher than that of annealed samples. Lots of cracks in the particles are found among the HDDR-treated samples, and the size of the recombined Sm2(Fe, Nb)17 particles becomes less than 300 nm.
Table 1 Lattice parameters a, c and c/a, unit cell volume V andvolume expansion ΔV/V, grain size D and volume fraction f of Sm2(Fe, Nb)17 phase andα-Fe phase in Sm12.7Fe86.3Nb1 alloy at different hydrogenation temperature
Fig.3 XRD patterns of Sm12.7Fe86.3Nb1 alloy by means of annealed (a), hydrogen-treatment (b), vacuum-pumping (c) and different cycles of whole HDDR (d), (e), (f) and (g)
Fig.4 Two cycles of HDDR processes (a)—Hydrogen treatment of the first cycle; (b)—Vacuum-pumping of the first cycle; (c)—Hydrogen treatment of the second cycle; (d)—Vacuum-pumping of the second cycle
Table 3 Magnetic properties of different HDDR processes
Technology
Coercivity/ (103 A·m-1)
Remanence/ (Am2·kg-1)
Magnetization/ (Am2·kg-1)
α-Fe (volumn fraction, %)
Annealed
10.18
6.128
107
1.87
HT+broken+VP
3.51
2.617
118
43.1
HDDR1
10.34
7.8
109
14.0
HDDR2
10.91
8.489
113.3
8.4
HDDR3
10.56
8.6
118.4
9.1
HDDR4
10.36
9.253
127.3
10.8
HT+broken+VP+N
3.26
3.525
119.9
43.6
HDDR2+N
100.98
49.36
118.9
8.9
图6 HDDR处理后颗粒的典型形貌
Fig.6 Microstructures of particles after HDDR (a)—Dendritic cracks on small particles; (b)—Dendritic cracks on big particles; (c)—Micro-cracks along particle interfaces; (d)—Honeycomb holes; (e)—Small particles with size of less than 1 μm; (f)—Fine particles with size of less than 300 nm