西太平洋麦哲伦海山链的海山地貌及成因

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2011年第z2期

论文作者:朱本铎 梁德华 崔兆国

文章页码:92 - 98

关键词:麦哲伦海山链;海山地貌;地貌成因

Key words:Magellan seamount chain; geomorphology of seamounts; geomorphologic genesis

摘    要:中、西太平洋海域的海山年龄介于65 Ma~150 Ma 之间,均为白垩纪以来多期岩浆活动所形成,基底为白垩世玄武岩。海山按形态、构造等因素分为平顶型海山和尖峰型海山2类。麦哲伦海山链位于西太平洋,发育的海山均为平顶型海山,海山水深1 500~6 000 m,通常由1个大型主体海山和1个伴生海山构成。海山顶部发育大规模的山顶平台,地形平坦;海山山坡地形陡峭,并呈上陡下缓的形态;海山平台覆盖较厚的第四纪有孔虫砂和钙质软泥。麦哲伦海山链是一组板内火山型海山,为多期大规模的海底火山活动形成,呈十分复杂的海底地貌和构造形态。海山基底形成后随着太平洋板块的扩张而不断漂移,在水平漂移的同时还发生了垂直方向上的升降,出露海面形成海岛,山顶被夷平,或上升至离海面较近的浅水位置接受浅海相沉积,后又沉降水深至大于1 000 m的海底,构成大规模的海山链。

Abstract: The age of the mid and western Pacific seamounts changes between 60 Ma and 150 Ma. These seamounts were formed by magma activities since Cretaceous, and their substrate rocks are Cretaceous basalts. The study results indicate that these seamounts can be divided into top flat seamounts and spire seamounts according to their shape and tectonic features. Magellan seamounts chain locates in western Pacific and is composed of top flat seamounts. Magellan seamounts lay in 1 500 m to 6 000 m depth, usually composing of a main large seamount and an associated small seamount. The top flat seamount is characterized by large flat roof and steep slope with the listric shape. The flat roofs are covered by Quaternary foraminifer sand and calcium ooze. Most of the seamounts belong to intraplate volcanic seamounts resulted from multiple submarine and plate movements. Complicated submarine morphology and tectonic landform originate from multi-phase large scale volcanic activities. The seamounts drifted with the Pacific Plate extension after the formation of the substrate, then the seamount chains and groups were affected by the activities of active fracture zone hot spots. The seamounts drifted horizontally accompanied by vertical uplift and drop. Some seamounts came out of the sea level as islands with the top eroded, some uplifted near the sea level covered by neritic sediments, and then subsided to the sea bottom of more than 1 000 m depth and constructed large scale seamount groups.

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