铝电解阴极燕尾槽内炭块-糊料-钢棒界面接触状态仿真优化

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第12期

论文作者:吕晓军 孙启东 陈昌 李劼

文章页码:3331 - 3341

关键词:铝电解;接触压力;有限元;电场-热场-应力场耦合

Key words:aluminum electrolysis; contact pressure; finite element; electric-thermal-mechanical coupling

摘    要:为探明铝电解槽阴极燕尾槽内各界面的接触行为及其界面接触电阻对阴极电热应力场的影响,建立基于接触电阻的物理场计算方法,对比分析接触电阻对阴极燕尾槽电场-热场-应力场的影响,提出并构建了接触压力与接触电阻之间的双向耦合方法,考察接触应力和接触电阻两者动态平衡下的电热场分布特性。在此基础上,分析钢棒糊膨胀系数对阴极电热场的影响。研究结果表明:施加接触电阻后阴极电压降由221.69 mV增加到311.85 mV,由接触电阻引起的接触电压降为90 mV,约占整个阴极电压降的29%;而阴极电流密度由41.52 减小到29.90 ,阴极电流密度下降了约28%;燕尾槽侧部接触压力高于顶部接触压力,接触压力主要集中于燕尾槽的“燕尾”处;相比未考虑接触电阻的计算结果,考虑接触电阻的铝电解槽电热场分布及计算结果更加接近生产实际,其接触压力整体上提高了约0.25 MPa;接触电阻会引起阴极高温区域向炭块底部和X轴方向扩张,导致炭块的温度梯度减小;在阴极炭块可承载范围内,通过钢棒糊膨胀系数优化计算,发现适当增大接触压力能够有效降低阴极电压降,当阴极钢棒糊的热膨胀系数增加4倍时,阴极电压降降低了12.68 mV,且温度场未出现明显变化;在铝电解槽物理场的计算过程中,需要考虑与重视燕尾槽内界面接触电阻,这有利于更加准确地认识和了解阴极物理场的分布特性。

Abstract: To explore the influences of interfacial contact behaviors and contact pressure in aluminum reduction cell cathode slot on electrothermal and mechanical field, the physical field calculation based on contact resistant was performed to analyze the effects of contact resistance on electrothermal and mechanical field of the cathode slot. The method of coupling between contact pressure and contact resistance was reported and the electrothermal field distribution characteristics during the dynamic balance of contact stress and contact resistance were studied. In addition, the effect of expansion coefficient of the ramming paste on the cathode electrothermal field was considered based on the calculation model. The results show that the cathode voltage drop increases from 221.69 mV to 311.85 mV with the contact resistance applied, and the contact voltage drop caused by the contact resistance is 90 mV, which accounts for about 29% of the entire cathode voltage drop. Furthermore, the cathode current density decreases from 41.52 to 29.90 , which drops by about 28%. The side contact pressure of the slot is larger than the top contact pressure and the pressure is mainly concentrated at the end termination of the slot. Compared with the result without considering contact resistance, the existence of contact resistance leads to the calculation result of the electrothermal field distribution closer to the actual production, and the overall contact pressure increases by about 0.25 MPa. Meanwhile, contact resistance promotes the high-temperature region to expand to the block bottom and X-axis, and then the temperature gradient of the carbon block decreases. Additionally, the cathode voltage drop can effectively decrease by optimizing the expansion coefficient of the steel rod paste. The cathode voltage drop decreases by 12.68 mV when the thermal expansion coefficient of the cathode steel rod paste increases by 4 times, and the temperature field does not change significantly. Therefore, the interfacial contact resistance in the slot should be considered and paid attention to the calculation process of physical field of the aluminum reduction cell, which facilitates the understanding of the distribution of the cathode physical field.

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