人粪生物炭的制备及性能分析

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2017年第3期

论文作者:李子富 白晓凤 张耀中 倪结文 云玉攀 尹福斌

文章页码:570 - 578

关键词:生物炭;人粪;热解;FTIR分析

Key words:biochar; hunman feces; pyrolysis; FTIR analysis

摘    要:以人粪为原料制备生物炭,以得率、碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为评价指标,考察制备过程中升温速率、热解温度和热解时间等因素对自制人粪生物碳吸附性能的影响。利用比表面积及孔径分析仪分析人粪生物碳的孔径分布和孔容以及比表面积。利用扫描电镜和XRD对生物碳的表面形貌和晶体结构进行分析。采用正交实验,确定最佳制备工艺条件。研究结果表明:在最优制备工艺条件下(升温速率15 ℃/min,热解温度600 ℃,热解时间70 min),人粪生物炭平均得率为49%,碘吸附平均值为682 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附平均值为93 mL/g。在最优条件下制得的人粪生物碳比表面积为690.8 m2/g,总孔容积为0.329 cm3/g,中孔容积和微孔容积分别为0.235 cm3/g和0.087 cm3/g,平均孔径2.832 nm。生物碳表面比较粗糙,呈现凹凸不平、蜂窝状结构,并且表面存在发达的、孔径不一的孔结构,孔的形状多样。自制人粪生物碳中一部分碳原子形成了比较稳定的片层石墨结构,有利于应用中生物炭性质保持相对稳定。

Abstract: The biochars were prepared with human feces in order to reduce the environment pollution caused by human feces. The effects of three factors (the pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, and the pyrolysis time) on the performance of the biochars derived from human excrement were investigated (single factor experiment). The yield and the adsorption values of iodine and methylene blue of the biochars were taken as the evaluation index. The biochars with the optimum parameters were characterized through BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-N2) surface area analysis, BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) pore volume analysis, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra and XRD (X-ray Diffraction). The optimum parameters were obtained by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the yield, and the adsorption values of iodine and methylene blue of the biochars with the optimum parameters (heating rate is 15 ℃/min; pyrolysis temperature is 600 ℃; pyrolysis time is 70 min) are 49%, 682 mg/g, 93 mL/g, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the surface area of the biochars is 690.8 m2/g; the total pore volume is 0.329 cm3/g; the mesoporous volume and micropore volume is 0.235 cm3/g and 0.087 cm3/g and the average pore size is 2.832 nm. Surface morphology of the biochars is rough and rugged; honeycomb and the shape of the pore are with diversity. The surface of the biochars contains some functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, etc. At the same time, the biochars contain relatively stable lamellar graphite structure. It can be seen that the biochars can be used as adsorbent because of the large suffice area and pore structure.

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