采用硫化-真空蒸馏法从铜砷锑多元合金中回收铜

杨先凯^{1, 2, 3}，杨斌^{1, 3}，熊恒^{1, 3, 4}，徐宝强^{1, 2, 3}，戴永年^{1, 2, 3}，刘大春^{1, 2}

(1. 昆明理工大学 真空冶金国家工程实验室，云南 昆明，650093；
2. 昆明理工大学 云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室，云南 昆明，650093；
3. 昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院，云南 昆明，650093；
4. 昆明理工大学 云南省复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室(培育基地)，云南 昆明，650093)

摘 要：从理论上分析采用硫化-真空蒸馏法处理铜砷锑多元合金回收其中有价金属铜的可行性，并通过实验探讨加硫量、蒸馏温度、蒸馏时间对杂质脱除效果的影响。研究结果表明：在系统残压为5~15 Pa，加硫过量率为200%，蒸馏温度为1 200 ℃，蒸馏时间为30 min条件下，得到的残余物为Cu₂S，纯度较高，含量可达98%左右，Cu直收率为97.60%，杂质元素Pb，Sb，Sn和As含量分别降至0.005 8%，1.02%，0.002 3%和0.039%，脱除率分别为99.96%，95.17%，99.94%和99.84%，除杂效果明显好于直接真空蒸馏。残余物经吹炼可得能够适用于电解的阳极铜。

关键词：真空蒸馏；硫化；铜砷锑多元合金；回收Cu

Recovering Cu from Cu-As-Sb multi-component alloy by sulfuration-vacuum distillation

YANG Xian-kai^{1, 2, 3}, YANG Bin^{1, 3}, XIONG Heng^{1, 3, 4}, XU Bao-qiang^{1, 2, 3}, DAI Yong-nian^{1, 2, 3}, LIU Da-chun^{1, 2}

(1. National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Vacuum Metallurgy for Nonferrous Metal of Yunnan Province,
Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
3. Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology,
Kunming 650093, China;
4. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization in Yunnan Province,
Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China)

Abstract:Feasibility of processing Cu-As-Sb multi-component alloy to recover valuable metal Cu by sulfuration-vacuum distillation was theoretically analyzed. The effects of addition of sulphur, distillation temperature and distillation time on the impurity removal effect were studied. The experimental results show that the residue includes about 98% cuprous sulfide and the direct yield rate of Cu is 97.60% when the multi-component alloy is distilled for 30 min at 1 200 ℃, 5-15 Pa and 200% overcharge percentage of sulphur. Contents of Pb, Sb, Sn, As in the residue are reduced respectively to 0.005 8%, 1.02%, 0.002 3%, 0.039% and their removal rates are increased respectively to 99.96%, 95.17%, 99.94%, 99.84%. Impurity removal effect of sulfuration-vacuum distillation is significantly better than that of direct vacuum distillation. The residue can be converted into anode copper which can be applied to electrolysis.

Key words:vacuum distillation; sulfuration; Cu-As-Sb multi-component alloy; recovering Cu