Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-NH4Cl-H2O体系电积锌工艺及阳极反应机理
来源期刊：中南大学学报(自然科学版)1999年第2期
论文作者：唐谟堂 杨声海
文章页码：43 - 46
关键词：锌;电积;氨配合物
Key words：zinc; electrowinning; ammoniacal complex
摘 要：考察了Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-NH4Cl-H2O体系电积锌过程中温度、电流密度、锌浓度对槽电压和电流效率的影响．发现电流密度和温度对槽电压影响显著．用正交试验确定最佳工艺参数为：温度50℃，电流密度400 A·m-2．在保证电流效率大于90%的前提下，电解母液中锌浓度可降到10 g·L-1以下．电能消耗2460 k·W·h·t-1锌，氨耗0.254 t·t-1锌．另外，查明了阳极反应为析氮反应，而不是析氧反应．开发Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-NH4Cl-H2O体系电积锌的新工艺对铸锌渣，湿法炼锌除铁渣等含氯或铁高的锌物料以及氧化锌矿的回收利用具有重大意义.
Abstract: In this paper the effects of temperature ,zinc concentration and current density on the current efficiency and the electrolyzer voltage have been examined in the process of electrowinning zinc . It is found that there are not radical effects of other factors on it except radical effectes of temperature and current density on the electrolyzer voltage . So the best process paraments, i. e. temperature 50 ℃, current density 400 A·m -2 , have been chosen . To ensure the current efficiency is above 90%, the minium zinc concentration in the electrowinned liquid can be lower than 10 g·L-1 .Under the best conditions ,the current effieciency is about 95% and the consumption of electric energy and ammonia is about 2460 k·W·h·t-1 and 0.254 t·t-1 respectively . In addition , the mechanism of anodic reaction in the process of electrowinning zinc has been exposed, in which the anodic reaction is not to produce oxygen ,but to escape nitrogen. The development of the new process of electrowinning zinc in the system of Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-NH4Cl-H2O is of great significance to the utilization of zinc materials bearing high Cl or Fe such as the casting zinc slags ,the removed iron residues in the zinc hydrometallurgy and zinc oxide ores.
