城际动车组车轮I类滚动接触疲劳机理研究

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第9期

论文作者:赵鑫 蔡宇天 陈佳明 刘永锋 温泽峰

文章页码:2653 - 2663

关键词:城际动车组;滚动接触疲劳;车辆动力学;损伤函数;小半径曲线

Key words:Intercity electric multiple units; rolling contact fatigue; vehicle dynamics; damage function; sharp curves

摘    要:针对我国200 km/h城际动车组车轮发生的I类滚动接触疲劳,对16列动车组及4个不同半径曲线轨道进行轮轨状态现场观测。基于多体动力学软件SIMPACK和损伤函数模型,建立车轮滚动接触疲劳预测模型,系统分析城际动车组的车轮I类疲劳损伤。研究结果表明:早期时动车组不调头运行,I类疲劳在运行(6~9)万km即出现,集中在左侧车轮,其疲劳区最初位于名义滚动圆外侧5~15 mm处,之后略有扩大并向踏面外侧移动;曲线通过时的低轨侧轮轨相互作用是导致I类疲劳的根本原因,当半径R大于400 m时,预测的疲劳寿命随半径的增加而增加;所运行线路上小半径曲线(R≤450 m)全为左曲线,导致早期不调头I类疲劳集中在左轮,定期调头后,两侧车轮交替承受疲劳载荷;现场中轮轨廓形演化和轨底坡误差等是I类疲劳区扩大和向外侧移动的直接原因。

Abstract: To reveal the initiation mechanism of class I rolling contact fatigue(RCF) occurring on wheels of a type of Chinese intercity electric multiple units(EMU) with a designed speed of 200 km/h, field observations and measurements covering 16 EMUs and 4 curves were conducted. With a dynamic model developed in SIMPACK and embedded with the damage function model, the class I RCF of intercity EMU was systematically predicted. The results show that the RCF occurred at a distance of 60 000-90 000 km and mainly on the left wheels at early stages when the EMUs run back and forth without turning around. The fatigued zone was initially 5-15 mm outside the nominal rolling circle, and laterally expanded in coverage and moved outward with the mileage. The root cause of the RCF is the wheel-rail interaction on the low rails of curves, and the simulated fatigue life increases with the radius of curvature when the radius(R) is greater than 400 m. The fact that sharp curves (R ≤ 450 m) on the line are all left ones resulted in the occurrence of the RCF on the left wheels before periodic turning around. After that, wheels of both sides bear the fatigue load alternately. The observed expansion and outward movement of the fatigued zone are due to the evolution of wheel-rail profiles and the error of the rail cant.

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