5083P-O和6008-T6铝合金的应变率效应对缓冲器缓冲特性的影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2019年第11期

论文作者:朱涛 陈书剑 肖守讷 缪得祥 杨冰 阳光武

文章页码:2665 - 2676

关键词:薄壁金属管;缓冲器;本构模型;应变率效应;缓冲特性

Key words:thin-walled tube; buffer; constitutive model; strain rate effect; cushioning characteristic

摘    要:为研究材料应变率效应对薄壁金属管塑性变形缓冲器缓冲特性的影响,通过对铝制缓冲器进行材料试验,获得不同应变率下5083P-O和6008-T6铝合金的材料本构关系,结合冲击物理试验与理论模型,验证缓冲器有限元模型的可靠性。基于该本构关系与冲击模型,研究不同材料应变率效应对缓冲器及其预处理结构缓冲特性的影响。研究结果表明:在不同冲击速度下,材料应变率效应对缓冲载荷历程无明显影响,但会使缓冲力整体出现缩放。随着冲击速度的提高,5083P-O铝合金表现出特殊应变率敏感性,导致缓冲器抵抗变形的能力先减弱后增强。6008-T6铝合金的应变率强化效应增强了缓冲器的抗冲击能力。经预处理的缓冲器吸能量减少,其理想吸能效率降低,5083P-O铝合金的材料应变率效应会减少缓冲器因预处理而产生的吸能量损失,而6008-T6铝合金的材料应变率效应会增加缓冲器的吸能量损失,因此,在对缓冲器进行结构优化设计时,需要考虑材料应变率效应的影响。

Abstract: To study the effect of material strain rate on the cushioning characteristics of thin-walled metal tube plastic deformation buffer, the material constitutive relations of 5083P-O and 6008-T6 aluminum alloys at different strain rates were obtained through tests. The reliability of the buffer finite element model was verified through impact physical tests and theoretical models. The influences of strain rate effect of different materials on buffer cushioning characteristics and the pretreated structure were studied. The results show that the material strain rate effect has no significant effect on the cushioning load history at different impact velocities, but can make the cushioning load zoom in or zoom out as a whole. The 5083P-O aluminum alloy performs special strain rate sensitivity with the increase of impact speed, which makes the ability of buffer that resists deformation first decrease and then increase. The strain rate strengthening effect of 6008-T6 aluminum alloy enhances the shock resistance of the buffer. The total energy absorbed by the pretreated buffer decreases, which leads to the decrease of the ideal energy absorbed efficiency. The strain rate effect of 5083P-O aluminum alloy reduces the energy absorption loss of the buffer due to pretreatment, while that of 6008-T6 aluminum alloy increases the energy absorption loss. The effect of material strain rate should be considered in the optimization of the structure of buffer.

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