低品位红土镍矿粗细分级-重磁联合除铬工艺

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第3期

论文作者:许鹏云 方浩 陈洲 刘波 蒋振康 郭学益 许开华

文章页码:567 - 579

关键词:红土镍矿;粗细分级;重选;磁选;褐铁矿;铬铁矿

Key words:laterite nickel ore; coarse and fine classification; gravity separation; magnetic separation; limonite; chromite

摘    要:为了降低铬铁矿对红土镍矿湿法冶炼设备的磨蚀,对红土镍矿原矿进行系统的工艺矿物学表征,提出“粗细分级—螺旋溜槽—摇床—磁选”工艺对红土镍矿中的铬铁矿进行富集分离,降低红土镍矿原矿中铬铁矿的含量并获取部分品质合格的铬精矿。研究结果表明:红土镍矿中的铬主要富集在0.058~1.500 mm粒级中,赋存物相为铬铁矿和褐铁矿,分别占比54.51%和44.04%;Ni不存在独立矿物相,95.95%的镍赋存于褐铁矿中。“粗细分级—螺旋溜槽—摇床—磁选”工艺能够将送入冶炼的红土镍矿Cr2O3品位由原矿的2.24%降低至1.27%,去除率达43.30%,能够有效降低铬铁矿对红土镍矿冶炼设备的磨蚀;同时,该工艺还能获得Cr2O3品位为36.19%,回收率32.07%,铬铁比为2.51的铬精矿。

Abstract: In order to reduce the abrasion of chromite to hydrometallurgical equipment of laterite nickel ore, the process mineralogy parameters of raw ore were characterized systematically and the process of “coarse and fine classification-spiral chute-shaking table-magnetic separation” was proposed for the beneficiation and separation of chromite form laterite nickel ore to effectively reduce the content of chromite in laterite nickel ore and to obtain some qualified chromite concentrates. The results show that Cr is mainly concentrated in the grain grade of 0.058-1.500 mm, the occurrence phases of Cr are chromite and limonite, accounting for 54.51% and 44.04%, respectively; while Ni has no independent mineral phase and 95.95% nickel deposits in limonite. The process of “coarse and fine classification-spiral chute-shaking table-magnetic separation" can reduce the Cr2O3 grade of laterite nickel ore from 2.24% to 1.27%, and the removal rate of chromite reaches 43.30% calculated by chromium trioxide, which effectively reduces the abrasion of chromite to hydrometallurgical equipment of laterite nickel ore. Meanwhile, chromium concentrate with Cr2O3 grade of 36.19%, recovery rate of 32.07% and chromium-iron ratio of 2.51 is obtained by the proposed process.

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