深部矿井高温巷道热交换降温技术探讨

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第3期

论文作者:郭奇峰 吴星辉 蔡美峰 任奋华 王培涛 张杰

文章页码:890 - 901

关键词:深部开采;热交换;循环水;热通量;巷道降温

Key words:deep mining; heat exchange; circulating water; heat flux; roadway cooling

摘    要:金属矿山进入深部开采后会面临一系列的关键难题,其中最突出的就是高温环境。然而被动式降温技术成本较高,为了维持深部矿井高温巷道正常生产,必须为采矿深井降温找到一条经济有效的技术途径。基于循环水热交换技术提出将深部采矿降温和岩体地热开采相结合的理论,利用数值模拟方法研究增强型和传统型降温系统的单孔换热过程和换热孔群效应。研究结果表明:增强型降温系统的热通量比传统型降温系统热通量提高26.80%,同时在热交换作用下,高温巷道的温度降低4%,循环水系统的出水口温度相对于初始进水口温度增加35.32%;换热孔群的热通量受周围换热孔的热干扰影响,在换热孔群运行24 h后,换热孔之间热干扰效应随时间推移而增大,圆形换热孔群中心孔受热干扰最小,而正方形换热孔群的中心孔受热干扰最大,边界孔次之,转角孔受热干扰最小。当换热孔群孔间距小于等于2.0 m时,正方形换热孔群热通量相对损失量小于圆形换热孔群热通量相对损失量;孔间距大于2.0 m时,换热孔群热通量相对损失量几乎不受孔群形状的影响。采用热交换技术,开发利用深部矿井高温巷道围岩中的地热资源,可以大幅度抵消被动式的降温成本。换热孔群形状和孔间距的合理布置同样可以提高降温效率,降低热通量的相对损失量。

Abstract: In the process of deep mining of metal mines, a series of key problems were encountered, the most prominent of which was the high temperature environment. However, the cost of passive cooling technology was high. In order to maintain the normal production of high temperature roadway in deep mine, it was necessary to find an economic and effective technical method for the cooling of deep mine. Based on the exchange technology of circulating water and heat, the theory of combining deep mining cooling with rock mass geothermal exploitation was put forward, and the numerical simulation method was used to simulate the single hole heat exchange process and heat exchange hole group effect of enhanced and traditional cooling systems. The results show that the heat flux of the enhanced cooling system is 26.80% higher than that of the traditional cooling system, the temperature of the high temperature tunnel reduces by 4% under the effect of heat exchange, and the outlet temperature of the circulating water system increases by 35.32% compared with the initial inlet temperature. The heat flux of the heat exchange holes is affected by the heat interference of the surrounding heat exchange holes. After 24 h of operation, the heat interference effect between heat exchange holes increases with time, and the center hole of circular heat exchange holes has the least heat interference. The center hole of square heat exchange hole group has the largest thermal interference, the boundary hole takes the second place, and the corner hole has the smallest thermal interference. When the distance between the holes is less than or equal to 2.0 m, the heat flux loss rate of square holes is less than that of circular holes. When the hole spacing is larger than 2.0 m, the heat flux loss rate of the heat exchange holes is almost not affected by the shape of the holes. Using heat exchange technology to develop and utilize the geothermal resources in the surrounding rock of high temperature roadway in deep mine can greatly offset the passive cooling cost. By arranging the shape and spacing of heat exchange holes reasonably, the cooling efficiency can also be improved, and the heat flux loss rate will also decrease at the same time.

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