镓精矿中镓的提取工艺

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报2018年第11期

论文作者:朱茂兰 黄中省 衷水平 陈杭 胡志彪

文章页码:2351 - 2358

关键词:镓精矿;碱浸;离子交换;钙盐沉淀;镓电积

Key words:gallium concentrate; alkaline leaching; ion exchange; calcium salt precipitation; gallium electrowinning

摘    要:采用“焙烧-硫酸浸出-中和沉淀”工艺提取明矾石精矿中的镓,获得含Ga 0.1%以上的镓精矿。为了实现镓精矿的高值化利用,提出“碱浸-离子交换-溶液净化-电积”回收镓精矿中金属镓的工艺,对最佳工艺条件进行研究。在最佳工艺条件下,镓精矿中Ga的碱浸浸出率达98.46%;离子交换实验表明,采用D5240树脂可以有效地富集镓,但杂质钒也得到富集,树脂解吸液中含镓2.1g/L,钒0.23g/L;在pH=12的条件下,可通过钙盐法除钒,当解吸液中Ca2+添加量为0.02 mol/L时,钒浓度降至1.45 mg/L;镓电积过程中电流效率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当电积时间为2h时,电流效率达到峰值4.3%;随着电积液中NaOH浓度的升高,阴极表面形貌由粗糙变得光滑。当NaOH浓度为200g/L时,阴极表面平整光滑,可获得99.94%金属镓。

Abstract: A gallium concentrate with more than 0.1% Ga can be obtained by “roasting-sulfuric acid leaching-and precipitation” process from alunite concentrate. In order to realize the high value utilization of gallium concentrate, the technology of recovering metal gallium by “alkali leaching-ion exchange-solution purification-electrowinning” was proposed, and the optimum technological conditions were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the leaching rate of Ga in gallium concentrates reaches 98.46%. The ion exchange experiment shows that the D5240 resin can effectively enrich Ga, but the impurity vanadium is also enriched. The desorption solution contains gallium 2.1 g/L and vanadium 0.23 g/L. Vanadium can be removed by the calcium salt method under the condition of pH=12. When the Ca2+ additive amount is 0.02 mol/L, the vanadium concentration is reduced to 1.45 mg/L. The current efficiency in gallium electrodeposits increases firstly and then decreases. When the electrodeposition time is 2 h, the current efficiency reaches 4.3% of the peak value. With the increase of NaOH concentration in the electrodeposition electrolyte, the cathode surface is from coarse to smooth. Finally, the purity of 99.94% metallic gallium is obtained.

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