牛磺酸对锡电解精炼过程的影响

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第12期

论文作者:徐志峰 钟晓聪 张斌 林振聪 李金辉 刘志强 路永锁 王瑞祥

文章页码:3349 - 3357

关键词:锡电解精炼;苯酚磺酸;牛磺酸;稳定性;整平效果

Key words:tin electrorefining; 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid; taurine; stability; leveling effect

摘    要:酸性锡电解精炼电解液一般需添加10~20 g/L苯酚磺酸,然而,苯酚磺酸有毒有害,亟待开发新型绿色添加剂,为此,在解析传统添加剂苯酚磺酸作用机制的基础上,设计筛选新型绿色添加剂,并评估其可行性。首先,对比研究苯酚磺酸和甲苯磺酸对电解液溶解氧浓度变化、锡胶生成量和阴极锡形貌的影响,解析苯酚磺酸中酚羟基和磺酸基对电解液稳定性和阴极锡质量的影响机制。苯酚磺酸的酚羟基和磺酸基可分别通过还原机理和络合机理抑制Sn(II)氧化水解,提升电解液稳定性;此外,酚羟基可能还具有阴极整平作用,基于此,从具有还原性的磺酸类物质筛选出牛磺酸作为添加剂替代物,并进一步研究牛磺酸对锡电解过程中电解液稳定性、阴极锡质量和电流效率的影响,评估牛磺酸添加可行性。研究结果表明:牛磺酸可显著提升电解液稳定性,效果优于苯酚磺酸;牛磺酸还可提高电流效率,并对Sn(II)阴极沉积行为和阴极形貌和电位无不利影响;牛磺酸可以作为苯酚磺酸的绿色替代物以提升锡电解液稳定性。然而,鉴于牛磺酸阴极整平效果不明显,在对阴极锡形貌有较高要求的应用场景中,可将其与整平剂组合添加来满足应用要求。

Abstract: Acidic electrolyte for tin electrorefining usually contained 10-20 g/L 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (HBSA), but, HBSA was toxic and harmful. It''''s urgent to develop novel green additive alternative. Hence, in this work, a novel environmental-friendly additive was designed based on the functional mechanism of HBSA, furthermore, its performance was evaluated during tin electrorefining process. Firstly, the roles of phenolic hydroxyl group and sulfonic group of HBSA in electrolyte stability and cathodic tin properties were clarified through comparatively investigating the effects of HBSA and p-toluenesulfonic acid(pTSA) on dissolved oxygen concentration, mass of tin sludge, and morphology of cathodic tin. The results show that phenolic hydroxyl group and sulfonic group can inhibit the oxidation-hydrolysis of Sn(II) and further improve electrolyte stability through reduction and complexation mechanism, respectively. Additionally, phenolic hydroxyl group can also present leveling effect on cathodic tin. Based on the functional mechanism of HBSA, among sulfonic compounds with reducibility, safe and non-toxic taurine was selected as potential alternative for HBSA. Furthermore, the effects of taurine on electrolyte stability, cathodic tin properties, and current efficiency were investigated to evaluate the feasibility of taurine. The results show that taurine substantially improves electrolyte stability, which overwhelms HBSA. Additionally, taurine is beneficial to enhance current efficiency, and impose no negative effect on Sn(II) deposition behavior, morphology of cathodic tin and cathodic potential. Taurine could be a potential alternative of HBSA to improve electrolyte stability. However, due to the minimal leveling effect of taurine, it is suggested that a leveling agent should be added with taurine in the scenario where cathodic tin with high flatness is demanded.

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