镁合金温拉深工艺的有限元模拟和实验研究

李彩霞¹，于彦东¹，潘承怡²

(1. 哈尔滨理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨，150040；
2. 哈尔滨理工大学 机械动力工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨，150040)

摘 要：通过实验方法和有限元分析研究AZ31(3%Al，1%Zn，质量分数)镁合金的温拉深成形。利用有限元分析研究工艺参数对盒形件拉深性能的影响，预测成形过程中缺陷的产生及扩展。通过模拟得出的成形极限图发现200 ℃和250 ℃下板材成形性能良好；通过对厚度进行测量发现200 ℃时的厚度分布更均匀，而拉深速度为18 mm/min时没有发生断裂缺陷；当拉深速度达到66 mm/min和180 mm/min时在凸模拐角处发生断裂；在不断升高温度条件下，AZ31板材的成形性能有显著提高；温度和速度对盒形件的拉深成形均有很大的影响。实验和数值模拟结果匹配，可以通过有限元分析来指导实验。

关键词：AZ31镁合金；数值模拟；温拉深成形；断裂

Finite element simulation and experimental test on warm deep drawing technology of AZ31 magnesium alloy

LI Cai-xia¹, YU Yan-dong¹, PAN Cheng-yi²

(1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China;
2. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China)

Abstract:The warm deep drawing of magnesium alloy AZ31 (3% Al, 1% Zn, mass fraction) sheets was studied by both the experimental approach and finite element analysis. Finite element analyses are performed to investigate the effects of the process parameters on the drawability of rectangular cups and to predict the formation of the process defects. Sound cups can be formed at 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ by the forming limit diagram and the thickness distributes very well at 200 ℃. There is no fracture when the punch speed is 18 mm/min, and on punch corner there is crack when the speed is 66 mm/min and 180 mm/min. The formability of the AZ31 sheets can be improved significantly at elevated temperatures. Temperatures and punch speeds have significant effects on the drawability of square parts. The reasonable agreement between the numerical simulation results and experimental results validate the accuracy of the finite element analysis.

Key words:AZ31 magnesium alloy; numerical simulation; warm deep drawing forming; fracture