铝合金板材挤压自弯曲成形机理及模具优化设计

来源期刊:中国有色金属学报优先出版第20210813期

论文作者:闵范磊 朱光明 高绪杰 岳博文 刘惠苹 郭娜娜 翟晓庆

文章页码:13 - 27

关键词:铝合金弯曲板材;自弯曲成形;关系推导;机理分析;优化设计

Key words:Aluminum alloy bending sheet profile; self bending forming; relation derivation; mechanism analysis; optimal design

摘    要:由连续介质力学,得到板材在理想自弯曲过程中,出口速度分布与弯曲曲率半径的关系,并提出一种铝合金板材自弯曲挤压新工艺,通过设计异形导流腔结构,使模腔内金属产生不均匀流动,从而直接挤出弯曲型材; 利用数值模拟,分析了板材挤压过程的自弯曲变形机理、金属流动特点、以及残余应变的分布; 通过选取型腔结构因子与挤压速度作为变量,采用拉丁超立方抽样方法结合模拟计算,建立了挤出型材弯曲曲率半径的响应面预测模型,在指定弯曲半径为1900 mm的条件下,建立附带罚函数的目标函数优化模型,利用粒子群算法得到最优模腔结构与工艺参数,并进行试模实验,实验结果显示,自弯曲板材挤出稳定,测得曲率半径为2071 mm,弯曲板材内外侧晶粒大小均匀。

Abstract: Based on the theory of continuum mechanics, the relationship between the exit velocity distribution and the radius of curvature of the plate during the ideal self-bending process is obtained. A new process for the self-bending extrusion of aluminum alloy plates is proposed. By designing the structure of special-shaped guide cavity, the uneven flow of metal in the die cavity is produced, so the curved profile is directly extruded; By using numerical simulation, the self bending deformation mechanism, metal flow characteristics and distribution of residual strain in the process of sheet profile extrusion are analyzed. The response surface prediction model of each variable to the radius of curvature of extrusion self bending is established by using the Latin hypercube sampling method and the finite volume method. Under the condition of a specified bending radius of 1900 mm, an objective function optimization model with a penalty function was established. The algorithm obtains the optimal cavity structure and process parameters, and conducts trial experiments. The experimental results show that the self-bending sheet extrusion is stable, the measured radius of curvature is 2071 mm, the grain size inside and outside of the curved sheet is uniform.

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